Syzygy bundles and the weak Lefschetz property of monomial almost complete intersections (Q2236792)

Let \(A=R/I\) be a graded artinian \(K\)-algebra, where \(R\) is the polynomial ring in \(n\) variables over \(K\); \(A\) is said to satisfy the Weak Lefschetz Property (WLP for short) if there exists a linear form \(\ell\) such that the map of multiplication by \(\ell\) from \(A_i\) to \(A_{i+1}\) has maximal rank for all integer \(i\). Characterizing the algebras \(A\) failing the WLP is a challenging problem that has recently attracted the attention of many mathematicians. It has been proved, in particular, that if \(n\leq 2\) then the WLP is always satisfied. Assume \(n=3\); then the WLP holds true in the following cases: $\bullet$ \(I\) is a complete intersection and char\((K)=0\); $\bullet$ \(A\) is level monomial of type \(2\). But for type \(3\), the famous Togliatti example obtained from \(I=( x^3, y^3, z^3, xyz)\) fails WLP. In the article under review, the Authors focus on the case when \(n=3\) and \(I\) is monomial with \(4\) minimal generators, of the form \((x^a, y^b, z^c, x^\alpha y^\beta z^\gamma)\), where \(0\leq\alpha<a\), \(0\leq \beta<b\), \(0\leq\gamma<c\), and at most one among \(\alpha,\beta,\gamma\) is zero. In characteristic zero they obtain the following four necessary conditions for the failure of WLP: 1. max\(\{a,b,c,\alpha+\beta+\gamma\}\leq d\); 2. min\(\{\alpha+\beta+c,\alpha+b+\gamma,a+\beta+\gamma\}\geq d\); 3. min\(\{a+b, a+c, b+c\}\geq d\); 4. \(d=\frac{1}{ 3}(a+b+c+\alpha+\beta+\gamma)\) is an integer. Conversely, if these conditions are satisfied, they provide two lists of additional combinatorial conditions that are sufficient for the validity or failure of the WLP, respectively. The methods are mainly of combinatorial nature and involve lozenge tilings and perfect matchings. Another tool is the study of the semistability of the syzygy bundle of the ideal \(I\); in the last part of the article a detailed study of the splitting type of this bundle is performed.