Topological properties of inductive limits of closed towers of metrizable groups (Q2244659)

Let \(\{(G_{n},\tau_{n}):n\in\omega\}\) be a tower of topological groups, i.e., \(G_{n}\) is a subgroup of \(G_{n+1}\) for every \(n\in\omega\). The inductive limit \(g\)-\(\underrightarrow{\lim}G_{n}\) of the tower is the union \(G=\bigcup_{n\in\omega}G_{n}\) endowed with the finest (not necessarily Hausdorff) group topology \(\tau_{gr}\) such that all the identity inclusions \(G_{n}\rightarrow G\) are continuous. Besides the topology \(\tau_{gr}\), the union \(G\) carries the topology \(\tau_{ind}\) of the inductive limit of \(\{G_{n}\}_{n\in\omega}\) in the category of topological spaces and continuous mappings. For every \(n\in\omega\), denote by \(\mathcal{N}_{n}^{s}\) the family of all \(\tau_{n}\)-open symmetric neighborhoods of the identity \(e\in G_{n}\) and set \(\mathfrak{N}=\{(U_{n})_{n\in\omega}\in\Pi_{n\in\omega}\mathcal{N}_{n}^{s}\}\). For every sequence \((U_{n})_{n\in\omega}\in\mathfrak{N}\) and each \(k\in\omega\) such that \(k\leq n\), set \(U^{+}(n,k)=U_{k}\cdot U_{k+1}\cdots U_{n}\), and \(U(n,k)=(U^{+}(n,k))^{-1}\cdot U^{+}(n,k)\). For every sequence \((U_{n})_{n\in\omega}\in\mathfrak{N}\) and each \(k\in\omega\), set \(U^{+}[k]=\bigcup_{n=k}^{\infty}U^{+}(n,k)\), and \(U[k]=(U^{+}[k])^{-1}\cdot U^{+}[k]\). Definition. A tower \(\{G_{n}\}_{n\in\omega}\) of topological groups satisfies (\(GC\)) if for every \((V_{n})_{n\in\omega}\in\mathfrak{N}\) and \(k\in\omega\) there is \((U_{n})_{n\in\omega}\in\mathfrak{N}\) such that (i) \((U^{+}[k])^{-1}\cdot U^{+}[k]\cdot (U^{+}[k])^{-1}\subseteq(V^{+}[k])^{-1}\cdot V^{+}[k]\) and (ii) \(U^{+}[k]\cdot(U^{+}[k])^{-1}\cdot U^{+}[k]\subseteq V^{+}[k]\cdot(V^{+}[k])^{-1}\). All topological properties considered in this paper assume that the group topology on a group is \(T_{0}\) and hence Hausdorff. In this interesting paper, the authors investigate topological properties of inductive limits of closed towers of metrizable groups. Especially, they obtain the following results: Theorem 1. Let \(\{(G_{n},\tau_{n}):n\in\omega\}\) be a closed tower of Hausdorff topological groups satisfying (\(GC\)), then (1) the inductive limit \(G=g\)-\(\underrightarrow{\lim}G_{n}\) of the tower is a Hausdorff group; (2) every \(G_{n}\) is a closed subgroup of \(G\); (3) if \(K\) is a compact subset of \(G\), then \(K\subseteq G_{m}\) for some \(m\in\omega\); Theorem 2. Let \(\{(G_{n},\tau_{n}):n\in\omega\}\) be a closed tower of metrizable topological groups satisfying (\(GC\)), then (1) \(G\) has countable tightness and a \(\mathfrak{G}\)-base; (2) \(G\) is an \(\aleph\)-space; (3) \(G\) is a sequentially Ascoli space if and only if either (i) there is an \(m\in\omega\) such that \(G_{n}\) is open in \(G_{n+1}\) for every \(n\geq m\), so \(G\) is metrizable, or (ii) all groups \(G_{n}\) are locally compact and \(G\) is a sequential non-Fréchet-Urysohn space.