\([\mathcal{S}]\)-linear and convex structures in function families (Q2272499)

The search for large algebraic structures of mathematical objects enjoying certain special or unexpected properties is called lineability. Nowadays, the topic of lineability has a major influence in many different areas of mathematics, from real and complex analysis, to set theory, operator theory, and even in probability theory. A number of concepts is coined in order to describe the algebraic size of a given set. For instance, if \(X\) is a vector space and \(A\subset X\), then \(A\) is said to be lineable if there exists an infinite-dimensional vector space \(M\) with \(M\setminus\{0\}\subset A\), and maximal lineable in \(X\) if \(\dim(M)=\dim(X)\). If, in addition, \(X\) is a topological vector space, then \(A\) is said to be spaceable if \(A\cup\{0\}\) contains a closed infinite dimensional vector subspace; \(A\) is called dense-lineable in \(X\) whenever there is a dense vector subspace \(M\) of \(X\) satisfying \(M\setminus\{0\}\subset A\), and maximal dense-lineable in \(X\) whenever there is a dense vector subspace \(M\) of \(X\) satisfying \(M\setminus\{0\}\subset A\) and \(\dim(M)=\dim(X)\). These concepts first appeared in [\textit{R. Aron} et al., Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 133, No. 3, 795--803 (2005; Zbl 1069.26006)]. V. I. Gurariy also coined the concept of [\(\mathcal{S}\)]-lineability, but only in this paper under review this new concept was explored for the first time. Definition (V. I.Gurariy, 2004). Assume that \(X\) is a topological vector space, \(M\) is a subset of \(X\), \(\mathcal{S}\) is a vector subspace of \(\omega=\mathbb{K}^{\mathbb{N}}\) (\(\mathbb{K}=\mathbb{R}\) or \(\mathbb{C}\)) and \((u_{n})_{n}\) is a linearly independent sequence in \(X\). Then we say that \(M\) is: \begin{itemize} \item[(i)] \([(u_{n})_{n},\mathcal{S}]\)-lineable if, for every sequence \((c_{n})_{n}\in\mathcal{S}\), the series \( \sum \limits_{n=1}^{\infty} c_{n}u_{n}\) converges in \(X\) to a vector of \(M\cup\{0\}\). \item[(ii)] \([\mathcal{S}]\)-lineable in \(X\) if it is \([(u_{n})_{n}, \mathcal{S}]\)-lineable for some linearly independent sequence \(\{u_{n}\}_{n} \subset X\). \end{itemize} The authors study this concept in a general abstract context, applying their results to specific situations, as in the context of the set of hypercyclic vectors for an operator and for the set of differentiable nowhere monotone real functions. The authors also introduce and investigate the notion of convex lineability: Definition. Let \(M\) be a subset of a vector space \(X\). Then \(M\) is said to be convex lineable if there exists an infinite linearly independent subset \(V\subset X\) such that \(\mathrm{conv}(V)\subset M\). Convex lineability is analyzed inside the family of topologically mixing continuous self maps of a real compact interval.