Cox ring of the generic fiber (Q2300480)

Let \(X\) be a normal variety defined over an algebraically closed field \(\mathbb{K}\) of characteristic zero. Denote by \(\mathrm{Cl}(X)\) the divisor class group of \(X\). If \(\mathrm{Cl}(X)\) is finitely generated and \(\mathbb{K}[X]^{*} = \mathbb{K}^{*}\), i.e., the only global regular invertible functions of \(X\) are constant, the Cox sheaf of \(X\) can be defined as \[\mathcal{R} := \bigoplus_{[D] \in \mathrm{Cl}(X)} \mathcal{O}_{X}(D),\] while its Cox ring \(\mathcal{R}(X)\) is the ring of global sections \(\Gamma(X,\mathcal{R})\). In the paper under review the authors study the following natural question. Let \(\pi:X \rightarrow Y\) be a morphism of normal varieties defined of \(\mathbb{K}\). Is there any relation between the Cox ring of \(X\) and the Cox ring of the generic fiber \(X_{\eta}\)? In order to describe the main result of the paper let us denote by \(\mathrm{Cl}_{\pi}(X)\) the subgroup of \(\mathrm{Cl}(X)\) generated by classes of vertical divisors, or equivalently the kernel of the surjection \(\mathrm{Cl}(X) \rightarrow \mathrm{Cl}(X_{\eta})\) induced by the pull-back of the natural morphism \(\iota : X_{\eta} \rightarrow X\). If we denote by \(\mathcal{R}_{\pi}(X)\) the localization of \(\mathcal{R}(X)\) by the multiplicative subsystem generated by the non-zero homogeneous elements \(f \in \mathcal{R}(X)_{w}\) with \(w\in \mathrm{Cl}_{\pi}(X)\), and by \(\mathrm{Frac}_{0}(\mathcal{R}(X))\) the field of degree zero homogeneous fractions on \(\mathcal{R}(X)\), we have the following crucial result. Proposition. The image of the homomorphism \(\mathbb{K}(Y) \rightarrow \mathrm{Frac}_{0}(\mathcal{R}(X))\) induced by the pullback is \(\mathcal{R}_{\pi}(X)_{0}\), the subset of degree zero homogeneous elements of \(\mathcal{R}_{\pi}(X)\). An important consequence of the above proposition is that \(\mathcal{R}_{\pi}(X)\) has a structure of \(\mathbb{K}(Y)\)-algebra and since the generic fiber \(X_{\eta}\) is defined over a field \(k\) isomorphic to \(\mathbb{K}(Y)\) we can construct a Cox ring \(\mathcal{R}(X_{\eta})\) which has the structure of a \(\mathbb{K}(Y)\)-algebra. The main result of the paper can be formulated as follows. Main Theorem. Let \(\pi : X \rightarrow Y\) be a proper surjective morphism of normal varieties having only constant invertible global functions such that \(\mathrm{Cl}(X)\) is finitely generated, \(\mathrm{Cl}_{\pi}(X)\) is torsion free, and the very general fibre of \(\pi\) is irreducible. Then there exists a Cox ring \(\mathcal{R}(X_{\eta})\) of the generic fibre \(X_{\eta}\) such that the canonical morphism \(\iota: X_{\eta} \rightarrow X\) induces an isomorphism of \(\mathrm{Cl}(X_{\eta})\)-graded \(\mathbb{K}(Y)\)-algebras \[\mathcal{R}(X)_{\pi} / \langle 1 - u(w) : w \in \mathrm{Cl}_{\pi}(X)\rangle \rightarrow \mathcal{R}(X_{\eta}),\] where \(u : \mathrm{Cl}_{\pi}(X) \rightarrow \mathcal{R}_{\pi}(X)^{*}\) is any homomorphism satisfying \(u(w) \in \mathcal{R}_{\pi}(X)^{*}_{-w}\) for each \(w\). In the rest part of the paper, the authors show that in some cases it is also possible to recover the Cox ring of a very general fibre, and they provide an application towards the case of the blowing-up of a toric fibre space.