Convergence rates for quantum evolution and entropic continuity bounds in infinite dimensions (Q2304961)

This paper treats continuity bounds on the dynamics of both closed and open quantum systems in infinite dimensions. Let \(( T_t^S)\) denote the unitary one-parameter group on a Hilbert space \({\mathcal H}\), defined by \[ \vert \varphi(t) \rangle = T_t^S \vert \varphi_0 \rangle := e^{- t H} \vert \varphi_0 \rangle, \] where \(\vert \varphi(t) \rangle\) satisfies the Schrödinger equation with initial state \(\vert \varphi_0 \rangle\) \[ \partial_t \vert \varphi (t) \rangle = - i H \vert \varphi(t) \rangle, \qquad \vert \varphi(0) \rangle = \vert \varphi_0 \rangle. \] Their first result is about a bound on the dynamics of the Schrödinger equation (2). For \(\alpha \in (0, 1]\) and \(t, s \geq 0\), \[ \Vert T_t^S \vert \varphi_0 \rangle - T_s^S \vert \varphi_0 \rangle \Vert \leqslant g_{\alpha} \Vert \, \vert H \vert^{\alpha} \, \vert \varphi_0 \rangle \Vert \cdot \vert t - s \vert^{\alpha} \] holds, where \[ \zeta_{\alpha} := \left( \frac{ 2 \alpha}{ 1 - \alpha} \right)^{1- \alpha} + 2 \left( \frac{ 2 \alpha}{ 1 - \alpha} \right)^{ - \alpha} \qquad \text{and} \qquad g_{\alpha} := \zeta_{\alpha} ( 1 - \alpha)^{ (1- \alpha)/2} \alpha^{ \alpha/2}. \] While, let \(H\) be a self-adjoint operator on \({\mathcal H}\) and \(( L_{\ell} )\), \(\ell \in {\mathbb N}\), a family of Lindblad-type operators. Assume that \(K = - \frac{1}{2} \sum_{ \ell \in {\mathbb N} } L_{\ell}^* L_{\ell}\) is relatively \(H\)-bounded with bounds \(a\) and \(b\). If \(G := K - i H\) on \(D(H)\) is the generator of a contraction semigroup, then for energies \(E > \inf \sigma( \vert H \vert )\), the quantum dynamical system \(( \Lambda_t )\) of the open system in the Schrödinger picture satisfies, for any \(c > 0\), the \(\alpha\)-Hölder continuity estimate \[ \Vert \Lambda_t - \Lambda_s \Vert_{\diamondsuit^{2 \alpha} }^{ \vert H \vert, E} \leqslant \omega_H (\alpha, a,b,c, E) \vert t - s \vert^{\alpha}, \] where \(\Vert \cdot \Vert_{ \diamondsuit^{2 \alpha} }^{S, E}\) denotes the energy-constrained diamond norm, and \(\omega_H\) is given by \[ \omega_H \equiv \omega_H(\alpha, a,b,c, E) := 4 \xi_{\alpha} \max \{ 2 c^{\alpha}, 3 b c^{\alpha-1} + (1 + 3 a ) ( 1 - \alpha)^{(1 - \alpha)/2} \alpha^{\alpha/2} E^{\alpha} \}. \] The authors also discuss applications of their theory to quantum speed limits, attenuator and amplifier channels, quantum Boltzmann equation and quantum Brownian motion. From these bounds on the dynamics, new quantum speed limits can be derived. As a matter of fact, when we consider a closed quantum system with self-adjoint Hamiltonian \(H\) and fix \(E > \inf ( \sigma( \vert H \vert ))\) and \(\alpha \in (0, 1]\), then the minimal time needed for an initial state \(\vert \varphi(0) \rangle\) \(=\) \(\vert \varphi_0 \rangle\) to evolve under the Schrödinger equation with relative angle \(\theta\) \(:=\) \(arccos ( \text{Re} \langle \varphi(0) \vert \varphi (t) \rangle )\) \(\in\) \([0, \pi]\), satisfies \[ t_{\min} \geq \left( \frac{ 2 - 2 \cos \theta}{ g_{\alpha}^2} \right)^{1 / ( 2 \alpha)} \frac{1}{E}. \] Moeover, explicit log-Lipschitz continuity bounds for entropies of infinite dimensional quantum systems are given as well. Lastly, many examples are studied to illustrate the efficiency of their theory. For other related works, see e.g. [\textit{S. Das} et al., J. Math. Phys. 59, No. 1, 012205, 24 p. (2018; Zbl 1431.81081)] for limits on quantum dynamics based on entropy change; [\textit{B. Shanahan} et al., ``Quantum speed limits across the quantum-to-classical transition'', Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, No 7, Article ID 070401, 6 p. (2018; \url{doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.070401})] for quantum speed limits; \textit{M. E. Shirokov} [Probl. Inf. Transm. 54, No. 1, 20--33 (2018; Zbl 07213974); translation from Probl. Peredachi Inf. 54, No. 1, 24--38 (2018)] for estimates by the constrained diamond norm.