The Lie group of vertical bisections of a regular Lie groupoid (Q2309642)

Let \(\mathcal{G}=(G\rightarrow M)\) be a finite-dimensional Lie groupoid with its source/target maps denoted by \(\alpha\colon G\to M\) and \(\beta\colon G\to M\), respectively, and its inversion mapping \(\iota\colon G\to G\). The group of bisections of \(\mathcal{G}\) is \((\mathrm{Bis}(\mathcal{G}),\star)\), consisting of the mappings \(\sigma\in C^\infty(M,G)\) for which \(\alpha\circ\sigma=\mathrm{id}_M\) and \(\beta\circ\sigma\colon M\to M\) is a diffeomorphism. The group operations on bisections are given for all \(\sigma,\tau\in\mathrm{Bis}(\mathcal{G})\) by \(\sigma\star\tau:=\sigma((\beta\circ\tau)(\cdot))\tau(\cdot)\) and \(\sigma^{-1}:=\iota\circ\sigma\). The subgroup of vertical bisections is \(\mathrm{vBis}(\mathcal{G})=\{\sigma\in\mathrm{Bis}(\mathcal{G})\mid \beta\circ\sigma=\mathrm{id}_M\}\). Some of the main results of the paper under review are that if the mapping \((\alpha,\beta)\colon G\to M\times M\) has constant rank then \(\mathrm{vBis}(\mathcal{G})\) is an infinite-dimensional Lie group whose Lie algebra is anti-isomorphic to the Lie algebra of smooth sections of the isotropy Lie algebroid of \(\mathcal{G}\), and moreover \(\mathrm{vBis}(\mathcal{G})\) an initial Lie subgroup of \(\mathrm{Bis}(\mathcal{G})\). This is a generalization of the Lie group structure of the gauge groups. One also proves that if additionally the space of units \(M\) is compact or the above mapping \((\alpha,\beta)\colon G\to M\times M\) is surjective, then the Lie group \(\mathrm{ vBis}(\mathcal{G})\) is \(C^r\)-regular (à la Milnor) for \(r=0,1,2,\dots,\infty\). We recall for completeness that the structure of infinite-dimensional Lie group on the group of bisections \(\mathrm{Bis}(\mathcal{G})\) was established in the paper by \textit{A. Schmeding} and \textit{C. Wockel} [Ann. Global Anal. Geom. 48, No. 1, 87--123 (2015; Zbl 1318.22002)] in the case when \(M\) is compact, while details on the general case can be found in the paper by \textit{H. Amiri} and \textit{A. Schmeding} [Ann. Global Anal. Geom. 55, No. 4, 749--775 (2019; Zbl 1416.22022)].