The Hauptmodul at elliptic points of certain arithmetic groups (Q2316008)

Let \(N\) be a square-free integer such that the group \(\Gamma_0(N)^+\) or \(\Gamma_0(N)^*\) has genus zero. There are \(52\) such groups. Here \[\Gamma_0(N)^+=\{\,e^{-1/2}\begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d\end{pmatrix}\in \mathrm{SL}(2,{\mathbb{R}})\}\] where \(ad-bc=e, a,b,c,d,e\in{\mathbb{Z}},\, e|N, e|a, e|d, N|c,\) and \(\Gamma_0(N)^*\) is the subgroup of \(\mathrm{SL}(2,{\mathbb{Z}})\) generated by the level \(N\) congruence subgroup \(\Gamma_0(N)\subset \mathrm{SL}(2,{\mathbb{Z}})\) and the Fricke involution \(\gamma_N=\begin{pmatrix} 0 & -1/\sqrt{N} \\ \sqrt{N}, & 0\end{pmatrix}\). Let \(j_N^{+,*}\) denote the associated Hauptmodul normalized to have residue \(1\) and the constant term \(0\) in its \(q\)-expansion. That is, \(j_N^{+,*}(z)=1/q+\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} a_N^{+,*}(k)q^k\) with \(a_N(-1)=1\) and \(a_N(0)=0\). The main result of this paper to prove that the singular moduli, that is, the Haputmodul \(j_N^{+,*}(e)\) evaluated at any elliptic point \(e\) of the surface associated to \(\Gamma_0(N)^+\) or \(\Gamma_0(N)^*\), is an algebraic integer. Proof rests on detailed study of Schwarzian derivatives of \(j_N^{+,*}\). This generalizes the result of [\textit{I. Chen} and the reviewer, Ohio State Univ. Math. Res. Inst. Publ. 4, 255--326 (1996; Zbl 0918.11024)]] and others. As an application, ab explicit class field theory is discussed. Namely, the minimal polynomials of singular moduli are determined, which have small integer coefficients, and generate ring class fields.