The Hauptmodul at elliptic points of certain arithmetic groups

Holomorphic modular forms of integral weight (11F11) Relationship to Lie algebras and finite simple groups (11F22) Complex multiplication and moduli of abelian varieties (11G15)

Abstract: Let

N

be a square-free integer such that the arithmetic group

G a m m a_{0} (N)^{+}

has genus zero; there are

44

such groups. Let

j_{N}

denote the associated Hauptmodul normalized to have residue equal to one and constant term equal to zero in its

q

-expansion. In this article we prove that the Hauptmodul at any elliptic point of the surface associated to

G a m m a_{0} (N)^{+}

is an algebraic integer. Moreover, for each such

N

and elliptic point

e

, we show how to explicitly evaluate

j_{N} (e)

and provide the list of generating polynomials (with small coefficients) of the class fields or their subfields corresponding to the orders over the imaginary quadratic extension of rationals stemming from the elliptic points under consideration.

Review text

Let \(N\) be a square-free integer such that the group \(\Gamma_0(N)^+\) or \(\Gamma_0(N)^*\) has genus zero. There are \(52\) such groups. Here \[\Gamma_0(N)^+=\{\,e^{-1/2}\begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d\end{pmatrix}\in \mathrm{SL}(2,{\mathbb{R}})\}\] where \(ad-bc=e, a,b,c,d,e\in{\mathbb{Z}},\, e|N, e|a, e|d, N|c,\) and \(\Gamma_0(N)^*\) is the subgroup of \(\mathrm{SL}(2,{\mathbb{Z}})\) generated by the level \(N\) congruence subgroup \(\Gamma_0(N)\subset \mathrm{SL}(2,{\mathbb{Z}})\) and the Fricke involution \(\gamma_N=\begin{pmatrix} 0 & -1/\sqrt{N} \\ \sqrt{N}, & 0\end{pmatrix}\). Let \(j_N^{+,*}\) denote the associated Hauptmodul normalized to have residue \(1\) and the constant term \(0\) in its \(q\)-expansion. That is, \(j_N^{+,*}(z)=1/q+\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} a_N^{+,*}(k)q^k\) with \(a_N(-1)=1\) and \(a_N(0)=0\). The main result of this paper to prove that the singular moduli, that is, the Haputmodul \(j_N^{+,*}(e)\) evaluated at any elliptic point \(e\) of the surface associated to \(\Gamma_0(N)^+\) or \(\Gamma_0(N)^*\), is an algebraic integer. Proof rests on detailed study of Schwarzian derivatives of \(j_N^{+,*}\). This generalizes the result of [\textit{I. Chen} and the reviewer, Ohio State Univ. Math. Res. Inst. Publ. 4, 255--326 (1996; Zbl 0918.11024)]] and others. As an application, ab explicit class field theory is discussed. Namely, the minimal polynomials of singular moduli are determined, which have small integer coefficients, and generate ring class fields.

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