The shore point existence problem is equivalent to the non-block point existence problem (Q2319616)
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English | The shore point existence problem is equivalent to the non-block point existence problem |
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The shore point existence problem is equivalent to the non-block point existence problem (English)
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20 August 2019
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The main result of the paper under review is the following (see Theorem 1): Every Hausdorff continuum has two or more shore points if and only if every Hausdorff continuum has two or more non-block points if and only if every Hausdorff continuum is coastal at each point. This result combined with an earlier result of the same author [Topology Appl. 218, 42--52 (2017; Zbl 1360.54026)] shows that, under Near Coherence of Filters (NCF), the Stone-Čech remainder of the half line gives an example of a continuum without shore points. Note that by a result of \textit{R. L. Moore} [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 9, 101--106 (1923; JFM 49.0143.01)] every metric continuum has at least two shore points. The paper also contains a new characterization of shore points in continua (Theorem 2): Let \(p\) be a point in a continuum \(X\), \(C_p\) be its composant in \(X\), and \(C(X)\) be the hyperspace of subcontinua of \(X\). The point \(p\) is a shore point if and only if there exists a net of subcontinua in \(\{K\in C(X): K\subset C_p\setminus\{p\}\}\) tending to \(X\) in the Vietoris topology.
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continuum
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Hausdorff continuum
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non-cut point
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shore point
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coastal point
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non-block point
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Stone Čech remainder
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NCF
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