Critical groups at zero and multiple solutions for a quasilinear elliptic equation (Q2347161)

In this paper, the authors study the following quasilinear elliptic problem \[ \begin{cases} -\Delta_p u-\Delta u= f(x, u) \;\;\text{in}\;\; \Omega,\\ u=0, \text{on}\;\; \partial\Omega,\end{cases} \tag{1} \] where \(\Omega \subset \mathbb R^N \,(N\geq 1),\) is a bounded domain with a smooth boundary \(\partial\Omega, 2<p<\infty,\) and \(f\in (\overline{\Omega}\times \mathbb R, \mathbb R)\) with \(f(x,0)=0\) satisfying \[ |f^{\prime}(x,u)|\leq c(1+|u|^{q-2}), \;\forall u\in \mathbb R, \,x\in \Omega. \] Using Morse theory, the authors give some results on the critical groups of an isolated critical point of the corresponding energy functional and establish the existence and multiplicity of solutions to problem (1).