Harmonic morphisms and moment maps on hyper-Kähler manifolds (Q2364438)

Let \(T\) be an abelian Lie group acting by holomorphic isometries on a Kähler manifold \((M, g, J)\) or a hyper-Kähler manifold \((M, g, J_1, J_2, J_3)\) admitting a moment map \(\varphi: M \to {\mathfrak i}^*\), where \(\mathfrak i\) is the Lie algebra of \(T\). Recall that a moment map for the \(T\)-action on \(M\) is a map such that, for \(\xi \in \mathfrak i\), the differential \(d\langle \varphi, \xi\rangle\) is equal to the contraction of the Kähler form with the vector field given by the differential of the exponential map of \(\xi\). In this paper, the authors consider the case when the moment maps of an abelian Lie group action on a Kähler manifold by holomorphic isometries and on a hyper-Kähler manifold by triholomorphic isometries are horizontally weakly conformal or harmonic morphisms. First, they prove equivalent statements that moment maps are to be horizontally conformal. More precisely, they show that \(\varphi\) is horizontally weakly conformal with respect to some Euclidean metric on \(\mathfrak i\) if and only if there exists an invariant metric on \(T\) such that the induced maps from \(T\) onto the nontrivial orbits are homothetic covering maps; or equivalently the nontrivial orbits of \(T\) are umbilical and have the same dimension as \(T\). Second, the authors prove that if \((M, g, J_1, J_2, J_3)\) is a hyper-Kähler manifold with zero first Betti number, then the local Hamiltonians of any triholomorphic Killing vector field, with respect to the Kähler form of any admissible Kähler structure on \(M\), are harmonic. As a corollary, they show that the Hamiltonian \(f_i\) of the triholomorphic Killing vector field with respect to the Kähler form of \(J_i\), \(i=1,2,3\), is a harmonic morphism from \((M, g)\) to \({\mathbb R}^3\). Furthermore, they prove that the hyper-Kähler moment map \(\varphi\) of an abelian Lie group \(T\) acting by triholomorphic isometries on \((M, g, J_1, J_2, J_3)\) is a harmonic morphism when \(\dim T = 1\). Finally, the authors illustrate this harmonic morphism property of moment maps on the tangent bundle of the complex projective space equipped with the Calabi hyper-Kähler structure, and obtain an explicit global formula for the maps. Moreover, they show that if \(\dim T \geq 2\) and either \(\varphi\) has critical points, or \(M\) is nonflat and \(\dim M = 4 \dim T\), then \(\varphi\) cannot be horizontally weakly conformal.