Representation of measures with simultaneous polynomial denseness in \(L_p({\mathbf R},d\mu)\), \(1\leq p<\infty\). (Q2368537)

\(\mathcal{P}\) is the set of all real algebraic polynomials, \(\overline{\mathcal{P}}\) is the set of all topological vector spaces of real functions on \(R\) in which \( \mathcal{P}\) is dense, \( \mathcal{M}^{+}(R)\) denotes all finite, positive Borel measures on \(R\), \( \mathcal{M}^{*}(R)\) those \(\mu \in \mathcal{M}^{+}(R)\) for which the moments \(\int x^{n} d \mu \text{ are finite } \forall n \geq 0\), \(\mathcal{M}_{\infty}^{*}(R)=\{ \mu \in \mathcal{M}^{*}(R): \mathcal{P} \text{ is dense in } L_{p}(R, d \mu), \forall p \geq 1 \}\), and \( L(R, d \mu)= \bigcap_{p \geq 1}L_{p}(R, d \mu)\). The authors give some charaterisations of measures in \( \mathcal{M}_{\infty}^{*}(R)\) with unbounded supports. Some notations: \( \mathcal{W}^{*}(R)= \{w: R \to R^{+}: w\) u.s.c., \(\sup w(x) | x^{n}| < \infty, \; \forall n \geq 0 \}; \) for a \(w \in \mathcal{W}^{*}(R)\), \(C_{w}^{0}= \{f: R \to R : f \text{ continuous, } \lim_{| x| \to \infty} f(x) w(x)=0 \}\) with the seminorm \( \| f\| _{w}= \sup w(x) | f(x)|\); for a \( \tau, 0 < \tau < \infty\), \( \mathcal{W}_{\tau}^{*}(R)= \{ w \in \mathcal{W}^{*}(R): C_{w^{\tau}}^{0} \in \overline{\mathcal{P}} \}\); \(\mathcal{W}_{0}^{*}(R) = \bigcap_{\tau > 0} \mathcal{W}_{\tau}^{*}(R)\). It is known that the set of Carleman measures \( \mathcal{M}_{C}^{*}(R)\) is a subset of \(\mathcal{M}_{\infty}^{*}(R)\). The following are some of the main results: I. A measure \(\mu \in \mathcal{M}^{*}(R)\), with unbounded support, is in \(\mathcal{M}_{\infty}^{*}(R) \) if and only if any one of the following conditions is satisfied (a) there is a \( w \in \mathcal{W}_{0}^{*}(R)\) such that \( 1/w \in L_{1}(R, d \mu)\), (b) there is a \( w \in \mathcal{W}_{1}^{*}(R)\) such that \( 1/w \in L(R, d \mu)\), (c) there is a \( w \in \mathcal{W}_{0}^{*}(R)\) such that \( 1/w \in L(R, d \mu) \). II. If \( w \in \mathcal{W}^{*}(R) \setminus \mathcal{W}_{1}^{*}(R)\), then there is a \( \nu \in \mathcal{M}^{+}(R)\) for which \( L_{p}(R, w^{p} d \nu) \notin \overline{\mathcal{P}}, \: \forall p \geq 1\). Also if \( \nu \in \mathcal{M}^{+}(R)\) and \( p \in [1, \infty)\) such that \( L_{p}(R, w^{p}d \nu) \notin \overline{\mathcal{P}}\), then \(w \notin \mathcal{W}_{1}^{*}(R)\). III. Let \(\mathcal{E}_{0}\) be the family of entire functions \(B\) of minimal exponential type having real and simple zeros only and let \(\Lambda_{B}\) be these zeros. Suppose for a \( w \in \mathcal{W}^{*}(R)\), \(S_{w}= \{ x \in R: w(x) >0 \}\) is unbounded. Then \(w \in \mathcal{W}_{0}^{*}(R) \Leftrightarrow \) for any \(B \in \mathcal{E}_{0}\) with \(\Lambda_{B} \subset S_{w}\), we have \[ \varlimsup_{\overset{| \lambda| \to \infty}{\lambda \in \Lambda_{B}}} \frac{\log 1/w(\lambda)}{\log^{+} | B'(\lambda)|} =\infty. \] Some characterisations of Carleman measures are also given and some corollaries are obtained.