The dilation property of modulation spaces and their inclusion relation with Besov spaces (Q2373797)

Let \(D_\lambda:f(t)\mapsto f(\lambda t)\) be the dilation operator and define \(f_\lambda(t)=f(\lambda t)\) for \(t\in{\mathbb R}^n\). The authors consider the operator norm \(\|D_\lambda\|_{M^{p,q}\rightarrow M^{p,q}}\) with respect to \(\lambda\) and establish the optimality of the inclusion relation between the modulation spaces \(M^{p,q}\) and the Besov spaces, thus making more precise results due to J. Toft. Since \(M^{2,2}({\mathbb R}^n)=L^2({\mathbb R}^n)\), then it is easily seen that \(\|f_\lambda\|_{M^{2,2}}= \lambda^{-n/2}\|f|_{M^{2,2}}\) by the change of variables \(t\mapsto \lambda^{-1} t\). The authors draw the complete picture of the best order of \(\lambda\) for every pair \((p,q)\).