The projective translation equation and rational plane flows. I (Q2375931)

Among other results the paper contains the following. Theorem. Let \(\Phi(x,y) = \left(u(x,y), v(x,y) \right)\) be a pair of rational functions satisfying the functional equation \[ (1 - z)\Phi(x,y) = \Phi\left(\Phi(xz,yz)\frac{1 - z}{z} \right)\tag{1} \] and the boundary condition \[ \lim_{z \to 0}\frac{\Phi(xz,yz)}{z} = (x,y).\tag{2} \] If \(\Phi(x,y) \neq (x,y)\), then there exists an integer \(N \geq0\) and a birational transformation \(l\) such that \[ \Phi(x,y) = l^{-1} \circ \Phi_{N} \circ l(x,y), \] where \[ \Phi_{N}(x,y) = \left( x(y + 1)^{N-1}, \frac{y}{y+1} \right). \] Proposition 6. Any rational solution \(\Phi\) of (1) which does not satisfy (2) is either \(\Phi(x,y) = 0\) or of the form \[ \Phi(x,y) = \left(A \frac{R(x,y)}{cR(x,y) + 1}, B \frac{R(x,y)}{cR(x,y) + 1} \right), \] where \(R(x,y)\) is a 1-homogeneous rational function and \(A, B, c\) are any real numbers satisfying the condition \(R(A, B) = 1\).