The projective translation equation and unramified 2-dimensional flows with rational vector fields (Q2350286)

All rational solutions of the 2-dimensional projective translation equation \[ (1-z)\phi(x,y) = \phi\left(\frac{1-z}{z}\phi(z(x,y))\right) \tag{ga} \] were found by \textit{G. Alkauskas} [Aequationes Math. 85, No. 3, 273--328 (2013; Zbl 1281.39014)]. Here \(\phi(x,y) = (u(x,y), v(x,y))\) is a pair of two functions. Solutions of the projective translation equation ({ga}) are called projective flows. If an orbit of the flow is given by a homogeneous rational function of degree \(N\), then \(N\) is called the level of the flow. The author is interested in all non-singular projective flows whose vector field is still rational, and proves that unramified non-singular flows are of 6 types: (i) the identity flow; (ii) one flow for each non-negative integer \(N\) -- these flows are rational of level \(N\); (iii) the level 1 exponential flow, which is also conjugate to the level 1 tangent flow; (iv) the level 3 flow expressable in terms of Dixonian elliptic functions; (v) the level 4 flow expressable in terms of lemniscatic elliptic functions; (vi) the level 6 flow expressable in terms of Dixonian elliptic functions again. The list of open problems and directions in the theory of the projective translation equation ({ga}) is provided. This is excellent expository and well-organized.