Arithmetic behaviour of Frobenius semistability of syzygy bundles for plane trinomial curves (Q2408544)

A plane trinomial curve of degree \(d\) is a curve \(C= Proj \;k[x_1, x_2,x_3] / h\) where \(h= M_1 + M_2 + M_3, \;M_i \) being a monomial of degree \(d\) for all \(i\). We call \(h\) irregular if at least one of the points \((1,0,0), (0,1,0), (0,0,1)\) of \(\mathbb{P}^2\) has multiplicity \(\geq d/2\) on \(C\). For each \(i\), let \(e_i\) denote the exponent of \(x_i\) in \(M_i\). Then \(h\) is called regular if all \(e_i > d/2\). For \(n \in \mathbb{N}\), the Syzygy bundle \(W_n := \mathrm{Syz} (x_1^n,x_2^n,x_3^n)\) on \(C\) is defined as the kernel of the map \(f: \mathcal{O}_C \oplus \mathcal{O}_C \oplus \mathcal{O}_C \rightarrow \mathcal{O}_C(n), f(s_1,s_2,s_3) = (s_1 x_1^n, s_2 x_2^n, s_3 x_3^n)\). Let \(V_n\) denote the pull back of \(W_n\) to the normalisation of \(C\). The author studies the Frobenius stability of reduction mod \(p\) of \(V_n\). She shows that if \(h\) is irregular and \(r\) is the multiplicity at the irregular point then for all \(n \geq 1\), \(V_n\) is strongly semistable for \(r= d/2\). If \(r>d/2\), it is shown that \(V_n\) is not semistable and has Harder-Narasimhan filtration \(L \subset V_n\) with \(\mu(L) = \mu(V_n) + (2r - d)^2 n^2 / 4d\). In particular, the semistability behaviour of \(V_n\) is independent of characteristic \(p\). The main result of the paper is that for \(h\) regular, the Frobenius semistability behaviour of reduction mod \(p\) of \(V_n\) is a function (explicitly given) of the congruence class of \(p\) modulo \(2\lambda_h\) where \(\lambda_h\) is an integral invariant determined by \(h\). One of the several consequences of this is that, if \(V_n\) is semistable in characteristic \(0\), then for \(p\) in a Zariski dense set of primes the reduction mod \(p\) of \(V_n\) is strongly semistable.