Local Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás properties (Q2413999)

This paper deals with some variations of the Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás property introduced in [\textit{M. D. Acosta} et al., J. Funct. Anal. 254, No. 11, 2780--2799 (2008; Zbl 1152.46006)] and the more recent pointwise Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás property [\textit{S. Dantas} et al., J. Math. Anal. Appl. 444, No. 2, 1739--1751 (2016; Zbl 1369.46011)]. A pair of Banach spaces \((X,Y)\) has the Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás property (BPBp) if, for every \(\varepsilon>0\), there exists \(\eta(\varepsilon)>0\) such that, whenever \(T\in L(X,Y)\) with \(\|T\|=1\) and \(x\in X\) with \(\|x\|=1\) satisfy \(\|Tx\|> 1 - \eta\), there exist \(y\in X\) with \(\|y\|=1\), \(S\in L(X,Y)\) with \(\|S\|=1\) such that \[ \|S y\|=1,\qquad \|x-y\|<\varepsilon,\qquad \|T-S\|<\varepsilon. \] If the point \(y\) can always be taken to coincide with \(x\), it is said that the pair \((X,Y)\) has the pointwise Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás property (pointwise BPBp). The analogous property in which the operator \(S\) can always be taken to coincide with \(T\), called for symmetry the operatorwise Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás property (operatorwise BPBp), is not possible unless one of the spaces \(X\) or \(Y\) is one-dimensional. We refer to \textit{R. Aron} et al. [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 367, No. 9, 6085--6101 (2015; Zbl 1331.46008)], \textit{S. Dantas} et al. [``On the pointwise Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás property for operators'', to appear in Can. J. Math., \url{doi:10.4153/S0008414X18000032}; ``There is no operatorwise version of the Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás property'', to appear in Linear Multilinear Algebra, \url{doi:10.1080/03081087.2018.1560388}] for more information and background. Here, the authors introduce ``local'' versions of the properties above, where the function \(\varepsilon\longmapsto \eta(\varepsilon)\) depends on the point \(x\) or on the operator \(T\). Concretely, they introduce the property \(\boldsymbol{L}_{p}\) which is the BPBp where \(\eta\) depends on the point \(x\), the property \(\boldsymbol{L}_{o}\) which is the where \(\eta\) depends on the operator \(T\), the property \(\boldsymbol{L}_{p,p}\) which is the pointwise BPBp where \(\eta\) depends on the point \(x\) and, finally, the property \(\boldsymbol{L}_{o,o}\) which is the operatorwise BPBp where \(\eta\) depends on the operator \(T\). Many examples and isometric consequences of the properties are given as, for instance, the following ones: -- The pair \((X,\mathbb{K})\) has the \(\boldsymbol{L}_{p,p}\) if and only if the norm of \(X\) is strongly subdifferentiable. -- The pair \((X,\mathbb{K})\) has the \(\boldsymbol{L}_{o,o}\) if and only if \(X\) is reflexive and the norm of \(X^*\) is strongly subdifferentiable. -- Every pair of finite-dimensional spaces \(X\) and \(Y\) has the \(\boldsymbol{L}_{p,p}\), as also happens for the pair \((c_0,c_0)\). -- For a fixed Banach space \(Y\), if the pairs \((X,Y)\) have the \(\boldsymbol{L}_{o}\) for every Banach space \(X\), then actually the pairs \((X,Y)\) have the BPBp for every Banach space \(X\). The paper ends with a diagram and a series of examples which clarify the relations between all the properties.