The \(Z\)-invariant Ising model via dimers (Q2416551)

The authors define isoradial graphs, the associated diamond graph and star-triangle moves, all being key elements of \(Z\)-invariance. They introduce the \(Z\)-invariant Ising model, followed by the corresponding versions for the dimer models on the Fisher graph $G^F$ and the bipartite graph $G^Q$. Also, the \(Z\)-invariant massive Laplacian and the corresponding model of spanning forests are defined. The authors compute the dimer weight function $\nu$ on $G^F$ corresponding to the \(Z\)-invariant Ising model on an infinite isoradial graph \(G\), with given coupling constants. Also, the authors compute the dimer weight function $\nu$ of the bipartite graph $G^Q$ corresponding to two independent \(Z\)-invariant Ising model. The authors derive asymptotics for the inverse Kasteleyn operator $K$. An explicit and local formula for coefficients of the inverse $K^{-1}$ of the Kasteleyn operator $K$ are given. The exponential decay of the inverse Kasteleyn operator, with a rate that can be directly computed in terms of $\chi$ is studied. They state implications of this fact for the spectral curve of the dimer model on the Fisher graph $G^F$. The authors obtain an explicit, local formula for the free energy of the Ising model, as a sum of contributions for each edge of the fundamental domain, similar to the one given by Baxter. The authors prove that this free energy is equal, up to constants, to that of the \(Z\)-invariant spanning forests of \textit{C. Boutillier} et al. [Invent. Math. 208, No. 1, 109--189 (2017; Zbl 1372.82016)], and deduce that the two models have the same second-order phase transition in $k$. The authors prove that the characteristic polynomials of the dimer model on the graph $G^F$ and the \(Z\)-invariant rooted spanning forest model are equal up to an explicit constant. The authors investigate the behavior of the \(Z\)-invariant Ising model as the elliptic parameter $k$ varies. They derive the phase diagram of the model and compare it to that of the \(Z\)-invariant spanning forests of [loc. cit.]. Also, the authors extend to all isoradial graphs a self duality relation proved by Baxter in the case of the triangular lattice. Lastly, the authors introduce a one-parameter family of functions in the kernel of the Kasteleyn operator $\mathcal{K}$ of the dimer model. They give an explicit, local formula for an inverse $\mathcal{K}^{-1}$ of the Kasteleyn matrix $\mathcal{K}$.