On a method of solving some functional equations for set-valued functions (Q2416626)

This is the general set up of the paper: $(X,+)$ is an abelian group and $(Y,d)$ is a locally convex, metric, linear space with a translation invariant metric $d$. The collection of nonempty, compact, convex subsets of $Y$ is denoted $cc(Y)$. The main result of the paper is the following. Let $\beta \geq 2$ be an integer such that $X$ is uniquely divisible by $\beta$. If $F:X \to cc(Y)$ is a solution of \[ F(x) + \frac{\beta-1}{2\beta^2}F(-\beta x) = \frac{\beta +1}{2\beta^2}F(\beta x) \qquad \text{ for all } x \in X, \] then $F = a + G$ for an odd function $a:X \to Y$ satisfying $a(\beta x) = \beta a(x)$ and an even function $G:X \to cc(Y)$ satisfying $G(\beta x) = \beta^2G(x)$ for all $x \in X$. This decomposition of $F$ is unique. From the above result the author finds the solutions $F : X \to cc(Y)$ for each of the functional equations: \[ F(x+y) + F(x-y) = 2F(x) + F(y) + F(-y),\tag{1} \] \[ 9F\left(\frac{x+y+z}{3}\right) + F(x) + F(y) + F(z) = 4\left[F\left(\frac{x+y}{2}\right) + F\left(\frac{y+z}{2}\right) + F\left(\frac{z+x}{2}\right)\right],\tag{2} \] \[ F(x+ny) + nF(x-y) = F(x-ny) + nF(x+y), \tag{3} \] for \(x,y,z \in X\), \(n=2,3,\dots\). The assumptions are: in (1) $X$ is uniquely divisible by $2$, in (2) by $3$, and in (3) by $2$ and by $n$. Furthermore, in (2) and in (3) the Hukuhara difference $F(x) - F(0)$ exists for each $x \in X$ (this holds, if $F(0) = \{0\}$). The solutions are in each case of the form $F = a + G + B$, where $a:X \to Y$ is additive, $G:X \to cc()Y$ is quadratic (i.e., satisfies $G(x+y) + G(x-y) = 2G(x) + 2G(y)$ for all $x,y \in X$) and $B \in cc(Y)$.