Lie algebras responsible for zero-curvature representations of scalar evolution equations (Q2416883)

The paper is part of a research program dedicated to a class of infinite-dimensional Lie algebras (real or complex) related to S-integrable \((1+1)\)-dimensional evolution equations. The scalar evolution equations considered here have zero curvature representations whose connection forms involve derivatives of dynamical fields up to some fixed but otherwise arbitrary order. As proven in the present paper, the infinite-dimensional Lie algebras, corresponding to those scalar equations, represent a generalization of Estabrook-Wahlquist's prolongation algebras (EWAs) which appear when the zero curvature representations depend on the dynamical fields only, i.e., zero order derivatives case. The authors also study the structure of these generalized EWAs: generators and identities of the Lie algebras, as well as homomorphisms between generalized EWAs of different order. As a simple illustration of their theoretical constructions, the authors consider in more detail the generalized EWAs for the Korteweg-de Vries equation.