Hypercontractivity, supercontractivity, ultraboundedness and stability in semilinear problems (Q2417211)

This article follows the work set out by \textit{L. Angiuli} and \textit{A. Lunardi} [Nonlinear Anal., Theory Methods Appl., Ser. A, Theory Methods 125, 468--497 (2015; Zbl 1332.35179)]. This works are devoted to the study and analysis of the Cauchy problem corresponding to the family of nonautonomous semilinear equations in the space of bounded and continuous functions \[ \begin{cases} D_tu(t,x)=(\mathcal{A}(t)u)(t,x)+\psi_u(t,x), & (t,x)\in(s,T]\times\mathbb{R}^d, \\ u(s,x)=f(x), & x\in\mathbb{R}^d, \end{cases} \] where $T>0$, $0<s<T$, $\psi_u(t,x)=\psi(t,x,u(t,x),\nabla_xu(t,x))$ and \[ (\mathcal{A}(t)\zeta)(x)=\sum_{i,j=1}^dq_{ij}(t,x)D_{ij}\zeta(x)+\sum_{i=1}^db_i(t,x)D_i\zeta(x), \quad t>0,\ x\in\mathbb{R}^d, \] and the coefficients $q_{ij}$ and $b_i$ are possible unbounded, sufficiently smooth and such that the associated diffusion matrix is uniformly elliptic. In addition, the authors assume there exists a nonnegative function $\varphi\in C^2(\mathbb{R}^d)$, diverging to $+\infty$ when $|x|\rightarrow\infty$ such that, for all $(t,x)\in(0,\infty)\times\mathbb{R}^d,$ \[ (\mathcal{A}(t)\varphi)(x) \le a-c\varphi(x) \] for some positive constants $a$ and $c$. It is known that $\mathcal{A}(t)$ generates a linear evolution operator, $G(t,s)$ for $s\le t\le T$, in $C_b(\mathbb{R}^d)$ (cf. [\textit{M. Kunze} et al., Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 362, No. 1, 169--198 (2010; Zbl 1184.35150)]). With this, the existence of unique local mild solutions follows from classical arguments. Concerning the $L^p$ study of the problem, of particular interest here is the analysis of the Cauchy problem with respect to {\em tight} evolution systems of measures. Indeed, we quote, ``the most natural $L^p$-setting where problems with unbounded coefficients can be studied is that related to the so-called evolution systems of measures [\textit{G. da Prato} and \textit{M. Röckner}, Prog. Probab. 59, 115--122 (2008; Zbl 1154.60050)], that is one-parameter families of Borel probability measures $\{\mu_t:t\in(0,\infty)\}$ such that \[ \int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^d} G(t,s)f\ d\mu_t = \int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^d} f\ d\mu_s, \quad f\in C_b(\mathbb{R}^d),\ 0<s<t<\infty.'' \] Under certain additional assumptions on $\mathcal{A}$, it is proven that there exists a unique tight evolution system of measures which is uniquely related to the asymptotic behavior of $G(t,s)$. Finally, the nonlinear solution operator, defined through the associated mild solutions, is shown to be hypercontractive, supercontractive and ultrabounded. Such properties are in place of the summability improving properties since, in general, Sobolev embedding theorems no longer hold in general.