Two weight commutators in the Dirichlet and Neumann Laplacian settings (Q2422459)

In this paper the authors establish the characterization of the weighted BMO via two weight commutator theorem in the settings of the Neumann Laplacian $\triangle_{N_{+}}$ with the $i$-th Riesz transform $R_{N_{+},i}=\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}}\triangle_{N_{+}}^{-\frac{1}{2}}$ on the upper half space $\mathbb{R}^n_{+}$ and the reflection Neumann Laplacian $\triangle_{N}$ with the Riesz transform $R_{N,i}=\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}}\triangle_{N}^{-\frac{1}{2}}$ on $\mathbb{R}^n$. We denote by $\mathrm{BMO}_{\triangle_{N_{+}},\nu}(\mathbb{R}^n_{+})$ and $\mathrm{BMO}_{\triangle_{N},\nu}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ the weighted BMO spaces associated with $\triangle_{N_{+}}$ and $\triangle_{N}$ respectively. \par Theorem 1. Suppose $1 < p< \infty$ and weights $\mu, \lambda$ in the Muckenhoupt class $A^p(\mathbb{R}^n_{+})$ and set $\nu = \mu^{\frac{1}{p}}\lambda^{-\frac{1}{p}}$. Then there are constants $0< c < C < \infty$\ such that \[ c||b||_{\mathrm{BMO}_{\triangle_{N_{+}},\nu}(\mathbb{R}^n_{+})} \leq ||[b,R_{N_{+},i}]: L^p_{\mu}(\mathbb{R}^n_{+}) \rightarrow L_{\lambda}^p(\mathbb{R}^n_{+})|| \leq C||b||_{\mathrm{BMO}_{\triangle_{N_{+}},\nu}(\mathbb{R}^n_{+})} \] in which $[b, R_{i}]$ denotes the commutator of the Riesz transform $R_{i}$ and the function $b \in \mathrm{BMO}_{\triangle_{N_{+}},\nu}$ \par This two weight commutator theorem might not be true in the setting of a general operator $L$, and in particular, the authors show that it is not true when $L$ is the Dirichlet Laplacian on $\mathbb{R}^n_{+}$. \par The authors introduce the class of weights $A^p_{\triangle_{N}}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ associated with $\triangle_{N}$, which is larger than the Muckenhoupt weighted class and contains non-doubling weights. \par Theorem 2. Suppose $1 < p< \infty$ and weights $\mu, \lambda \in A^p_{\triangle_{N}}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ and set $\nu = \mu^{\frac{1}{p}}\lambda^{-\frac{1}{p}}$. Then there are constants $0< c < C < \infty$\ such that \[ c||b||_{\mathrm{BMO}_{\triangle_{N},\nu}(\mathbb{R}^n)} \leq ||[b,R_{N,i}]: L^p_{\mu}(\mathbb{R}^n) \rightarrow L_{\lambda}^p(\mathbb{R}^n)|| \leq C||b||_{\mathrm{BMO}_{\triangle_{N},\nu}(\mathbb{R}^n)}. \] The authors introduce the weighted Hardy space $H^1_{\triangle_{N}, \nu}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ associated with $\triangle_{N}$ and prove that it is the predual of $\mathrm{BMO}_{\triangle_{N},\nu}(\mathbb{R}^n)$. This yields a weak factorization for $H^1_{\triangle_{N}, \nu}(\mathbb{R}^n)$.