On Navier-Stokes-Korteweg and Euler-Korteweg systems: application to quantum fluids models (Q2423373)

The authors analyze augmented forms of Euler-Korteweg equations and compressible Navier-Stokes-Korteweg equations. Let \(\rho(x,t)\) is the density and vector \(u(x,t)\) is the velocity of a quantum fluid. The augmented Euler-Korteweg equations have a form \begin{align*} &\ \frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t}+\operatorname{div}(\rho u)=0,\quad x\in \mathbb{T}^n,\ 1\leq n\leq 3,\ t>0,&\ \vphantom{\begin{array}{c}I\\I\end{array}}\\ &\ \frac{\partial }{\partial t}(\rho u)+\operatorname{div}(\rho u\otimes u)+\nabla \rho^\gamma= \varepsilon\left[\operatorname{div}(\mu\,\nabla \bar{v})+\frac{1}{2}\nabla(\lambda\, \operatorname{div} \bar{v})\right],\quad x\in \mathbb{T}^n,\ t>0,&\ \vphantom{\begin{array}{c}I\\I\end{array}}\\ &\ \frac{\partial }{\partial t}(\rho \bar{v})+\operatorname{div}(\rho \bar{v}\otimes u)= \varepsilon\left[-\operatorname{div}(\mu\, (\nabla u)^T)-\frac{1}{2}\nabla(\lambda\, \operatorname{div}u)\right],\quad x\in \mathbb{T}^n,\ t>0,&\ \vphantom{\begin{array}{c}I\\I\end{array}}\\ &\ \rho(x,0)=\rho_0,\quad (\rho u)(x,0)=\rho_0u_0&\ \end{align*} with \[ \mu(\rho)=\rho^{\frac{s+3}{3}},\ s\in\mathbb{R},\quad \lambda(\rho)=2(\rho\mu'(\rho)-\mu(\rho)),\quad \bar{v}=\varepsilon\,\frac{\nabla \mu}{\rho}. \] Here \(\mathbb{T}^n\) is the torus, \(\gamma=const>1\), \(\varepsilon\) is the Planck constant, \(\rho_0\) and \(u_0\) are given functions. \(\mu\) and \(\lambda\) are the density dependent viscosities. \par The augmented Navier-Stokes-Korteweg equations have a form \begin{align*} &\ \frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t}+\operatorname{div}(\rho u)=0,\quad x\in \mathbb{T}^n,\ 1\leq n\leq 3,\ t>0,&\ \vphantom{\begin{array}{c}I\\I\end{array}}\\ &\ \frac{\partial }{\partial t}(\rho w)+\operatorname{div}(\rho w\otimes u)+\nabla \rho^\gamma-\nu\operatorname{div}(\mu\,\nabla w) -\frac{\nu}{2}\nabla(\lambda\operatorname{div}w)=&\ \vphantom{\begin{array}{c}I\\I\end{array}}\nonumber\\ &\ (\varepsilon^2-\nu^2)\left[\operatorname{div}(\mu\,\nabla v)+\frac{1}{2}\nabla(\lambda\, \operatorname{div}v)\right],\quad x\in \mathbb{T}^n,\ t>0,&\ \vphantom{\begin{array}{c}I\\I\end{array}}\\ &\ \frac{\partial }{\partial t}(\rho v)+\operatorname{div}(\rho v\otimes u) +\operatorname{div}(\mu\, (\nabla u)^T)+\frac{1}{2}\nabla(\lambda\, \operatorname{div}u)=0,\quad x\in \mathbb{T}^n,\ t>0,&\ \vphantom{\begin{array}{c}I\\I\end{array}}\\ &\ \rho(x,0)=\rho_0,\quad (\rho u)(x,0)=\rho_0u_0&\ \end{align*} with \[ v=\frac{\nabla \mu}{\rho},\quad w=u+\nu w. \] Here \(\nu>0\) is the viscosity constant. \par \(s=-1\) gives \(\mu=\rho,\lambda=0\) and equations (1), (2), (3) turn into the quantum Euler system \[ \begin{array}{l} \frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t}+\operatorname{div}(\rho u)=0, \vphantom{\begin{array}{c}I\\I\end{array}}\\ \frac{\partial}{\partial t}(\rho u)+\operatorname{div}(\rho u\otimes u)+\nabla \rho^\gamma= 2\varepsilon^2\rho\nabla\left( \frac{\Delta\sqrt{\rho}}{\sqrt{\rho}}\right) \end{array} \] and equations (5), (6), (7) turn into the compressible barotropic quantum Navier-Stokes system \[ \begin{array}{l} \frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t}+\operatorname{div}(\rho u)=0, \vphantom{\begin{array}{c}I\\I\end{array}}\\ \frac{\partial}{\partial t}(\rho u)+\operatorname{div}(\rho u\otimes u)+\nabla \rho^\gamma-2\nu\,\operatorname{div} \left[ \frac{\rho}{2}(\nabla u+(\nabla u)^T)\right]=2\varepsilon^2\nabla\left( \frac{\Delta\sqrt{\rho}}{\sqrt{\rho}}\right). \end{array} \] The authors obtained estimates to the solutions of problems (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5), (6), (7), (8). Based on these estimates, they proved that the solution of quantum Navier-Stokes system tends to the solution of quantum Euler system as viscosity constant \(\nu\) tends to \(0\).