Eigenvalues of the Laplacian and extrinsic geometry (Q2434958)

Let \(\Delta\) be the scalar Laplace-Beltrami operator on a compact smooth Riemannian manifold \((M,g)\) without boundary. Assume that \(M\) is isometrically immersed in Euclidean space \(R^{m+p}\) Let \(\Pi\) be the set of all \(p\)-planes that are transverse to \(N\) and let \(i(M)=\sup_{P\in\Pi}|M\cap\Pi|\) to be the number of intersection points (counted with multiplicity where \(M\) is not embedded). It is necessary to replace this intersection index by an invariant of a similar nature which is stable under small perturbations. An \(\epsilon\)-small perturbation means a perturbation in a region \(D\subset M\) whose measure is at most equal to \(\epsilon\text{vol}(M)\) where \(M-D\) is a smooth manifold with smooth boundary. Let \(\text{Gr}_m\) be the Grassmannian of \(m\) planes equipped with the invariant measure of volume \(1\). If \(H\in\text{Gr}_m\), let \(i_H(M_\epsilon^D)=\sup_{P\in\Pi,P\perp H}|M_\epsilon^D\cap P|\). The \(\epsilon\)-mean intersection index is given by \[ \iota^\epsilon(M,g):=\inf_{D:\text{vol}(D)<\epsilon\text{vol}(M)}\int_{\text{Gr}_m}i_H(M-D)dH\,. \] Similarly, for \(r>0\), let \(B_r(x)\) denote the ball of radius \(r\) about \(x\) and set \[ \iota_r^\epsilon(M,g):=\inf_{D:\text{vol}(D)<\epsilon\text{vol}(M)}\sup_{x\in M-D}\int_{\text{Gr}_m} i_H(\{M-D\}\cap B_r(x))dH\,. \] The author relates the spectrum of the Laplacian to the extrinsic geometry and extends previous work of \textit{B. Colbois} et al. [Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 42, No. 1, 96--108 (2010; Zbl 1187.58027)] showing: Theorem 1: There exist positive constants \(c_m\), \(\alpha_m\), and \(\beta_m\) depending only on the dimension \(m\) so that one has estimates: \(\lambda_k(M,g)\text{vol}(M,g)^{2/m}\leq c_m \iota^\epsilon(M)^{2/m}k^{2/m}(1-\epsilon)^{-1-2/m}\) and \(\lambda_k(M,g)\leq\alpha_m(1-\epsilon)^{-1}r^{-2}+ \beta_m(1-\epsilon)^{-1-2/m}\iota_r^\epsilon(M)^{2/m}k^{2/m}\text{vol}(M,g)^{-2/m}\). The author also examines analogous results for holomorphic manifolds which are immersed in complex projective space \(CP^N\) with the Fubini-Study metric \(g_{FS}\): Theorem 2: Let \(M^m\) be an \(m\)-dimensional complex manifold admitting a holomorphic immersion \(\phi\) of \(M\) into \(CP^N\). Then \(\lambda_{k+1}(M,\phi^*g_{FS})\leq 2(m+1)(m+2)k^{1/m}-2m(m+1)\). Note that the estimate in the Theorem 2 is sharp for the first non-zero eigenvalue and depends only on the dimension.