Noncommutative Artin motives (Q2436525)

Let \(\text{Chow}_{\mathbb{Q}}(k)\) be the category of Chow motives over a field \(k\) and let \(M: \text{SmProj}^{op}(k)\to \text{Chow}_{\mathbb{Q}}(k)\) be the functor that to every smooth projective variety \(X\) over \(k\) associates its motive \(M(X)\). Given a full subcategory \({\mathcal V}\) of SmProj let \(\text{Chow}^{{\mathcal V}}_{\mathbb{Q}}\) be the smallest additive, rigid, idempotent complete subcategory of \(\text{Chow}_{\mathbb{Q}}\) generated by \(M(X)\), for \(X\in{\mathcal V}\). If \({\mathcal V}\) is the category of finite étale \(k\)-schemes then \(\text{Chow}^{{\mathcal V}}_{\mathbb{Q}}= \text{AM}(k)_{\mathbb{Q}}\), the category of Artin motives. \(\text{AM}(k)_{\mathbb{Q}}\) is invariant under the different equivalence relations on algebraic cycles. By considering \(\text{AM}(k)_{\mathbb{Q}}\) inside the Tannakian category of numerical motives, the associated motivic Galois group \(\text{Gal(AM}(k)_{\mathbb{Q}})\) agrees with absolute Galois group \(\text{Gal}(\overline k/k)\). In order to find a non-commutative analogue for \(\text{AM}(k)_{\mathbb{Q}}\) one considers the commutative diagram \[ \begin{tikzcd}[column sep=large] \mathrm{SmProj}^{op}(k) \ar[r, "\mathcal D^{dg}_{\mathrm{per}}"] \ar[d,"M"'] & \mathrm{sdgcat}(k) \ar[d,"\mathcal U"] \\ \mathrm{Chow}_{\mathbb Q}(k) \ar[r,"\Phi"'] & \mathrm{NChow}_{\mathbb Q}(k) \rlap{\,,}\\ \end{tikzcd} \] where \({\mathcal D}^{dg}_{\text{per}}(X)\) denotes the unique \(dg\) enhancement of the derived per category of perfect complexes of \({\mathcal O}_X\)-modules and \({\mathcal U}: \text{sdgcat}(k)\to \text{NChow}_{\mathbb{Q}}(k)\) is the non-commutative analogue of the functor \(M\). By the above commutative digram one obtains a well defined \(\mathbb{Q}\)-linear tensor functor \(\Phi^{{\mathcal V}}: \text{Chow}^{{\mathcal V}}_{\mathbb{Q}}(k)\to \text{NChow}_{\mathbb{Q}}(k)\). The first result of this paper is the following Theorem 1. The functor \(\Phi^{{\mathcal V}}\) is a tensor equivalence if and only if \({\mathcal V}\) is contained in the category of finite étale \(k\)-schemes. Therefore the category of Artin motives \(\text{AM}(k)_{\mathbb{Q}}\) may be viewed as the largest subcategory of \(\text{Chow}_{\mathbb{Q}}(k)\) which fully embeds into non-commutative Chow motives. The image of this full embedding is the category \(\text{NAM}_{\mathbb{Q}}(k)\) of non-commutative Artin motives, which is invariant under the different equivalence relations. As an application of Theorem 1 the authors show how to recover the absolute Galois group \(\text{Gal}(\overline k/k)\) from the Tannakian formalism applied to \(\text{NAM}_{\mathbb{Q}}(k)\). In this paper, the authors also relate the notions of Schur-finiteness and Kimura-finiteness for motives in \(\text{Chow}_{\mathbb{Q}}(k)\), with the analogue properties in the non-commutative word. In particular they prove that, if \(L\) is an extension of \(k\), and \(M\) is a motive in \(\text{Chow}_{\mathbb{Q}}(k)\), then \(M_L\in\text{Chow}_{\mathbb{Q}}(L)\) is Schur-finite if and only if the non-commutative motive \(\Phi(M)\otimes_k L\) is Schur-finite.