Free biholomorphic functions and operator model theory. II (Q2436756)

The paper under review continues the studies started in Part I [the author, ibid. 262, No. 7, 3240--3308 (2012; Zbl 1256.47008)] on the theory of free biholomorphic functions with the aim of developing an operator model theory and a dilation theory (as a free analogue of Sz.-Nagy-Foiaş theory [\textit{B. Sz.-Nagy} et al., Harmonic analysis of operators on Hilbert space. 2nd revised and enlarged ed. New York, NY: Springer (2010; Zbl 1234.47001)]) for several noncommutative varieties included in \(\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H})^n\) (other than the closed unit ball in \(\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H})^n\); \(\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H})\) denotes the algebra of bounded linear operators acting on a given Hilbert space \(\mathcal{H}\)). In Section 1, the author recalls from [Zbl 1256.47008] some basic facts about the class of \(n\)-tuples of formal power series \(f=(f_1,\dots,f_n)\) in noncommutative variables \(Z_1,\dots,Z_n\) having the model property (\(f\in\mathcal{M}\)). In this approach, the discussion is centered around the associated Hilbert spaces \(\mathbb{H}^2(f)\) (the completion of the linear span of \(\{f_\alpha\}_{\alpha\in\mathbb{F}_n^+}\) with respect to the inner product \(\langle f_\alpha,f_\beta\rangle=\delta_{\alpha\beta},\;\alpha,\beta\in\mathbb{F}_n^+\), where \(\mathbb{F}_n^+\) is the free semigroup with \(n\) generators \(g_1,\dots,g_n\) and the identity \(g_0\)) and noncommutative domains \(\mathbb{B}_f(\mathcal{H})=\{X\in\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H})^n:\;g(f(X))=X\text{ and }\|f(X)\|\leq 1\}\), where \(g\) is the inverse of \(f\) with respect to the composition of power series, and the evaluations are well defined. The next part describes some models for completely non-coisometric (c.n.c.)\ \(n\)-tuples \(T\) in domains \(\mathbb{B}_f(\mathcal{H})\) (induced by formal power series \(f=(f_1,\dots,f_n)\) of a special class \(\mathcal{M}^b\)) in which the corresponding characteristic function \(\Theta_{f,T}\) (introduced in [Zbl 1256.47008]) appears explicitly. It is also shown that the characteristic function is a complete unitary invariant for the c.n.c.\ tuples in \(\mathbb{B}_f(\mathcal{H})\) and that any contractive multi-analytic operator \(\Theta:\mathbb{H}^2(f)\otimes\mathcal{E}_*\to\mathbb{H}^2(f)\otimes\mathcal{E}\) (\(\mathcal{E},\mathcal{E}_*\) are Hilbert spaces) with respect to \(M_{Z_1},\dots,M_{Z_n}\) (the left multiplication operators on \(\mathbb{H}^2(f)\)) generates a c.n.c.\ tuple \(T\) such that, under certain assumptions, \(\Theta\) coincides with \(\Theta_{f,T}\). The study of \(*\)-representations of the \(C^*\)-algebra \(C^*(M_{Z_1},\dots,M_{Z_n})\) represents the subject of Section 3. The most important results presented here are: a Wold-type decomposition for the nondegenerate \(*\)-representations of \(C^*(M_{Z_1},\dots,M_{Z_n})\); the existence and uniqueness (up to an isomorphism), under some natural conditions on \(f\), of a minimal dilation of any \(n\)-tuple \(T\in\mathbb{B}_f(\mathcal{H})\); a commutant lifting theorem for \(\mathbb{B}_f(\mathcal{H})\). The aim of the following section is to obtain some operator models for the elements of the noncommutative variety \(\mathcal{V}^{\mathrm{cnc}}_{f,J}(\mathcal{H})\), i.e., for c.n.c.\ \(n\)-tuples \(T\in\mathbb{B}_f(\mathcal{H})\) for which \(\psi(T)=0\) for every \(\psi\in J\), where \(f\in\mathcal{M}\), \(J\) is a WOT-closed two-sided ideal of the noncommutative Hardy algebra \(H^\infty(\mathbb{B}_f)\) (the WOT-closure of all noncommutative polynomials in \(M_{Z_1},\dots,M_{Z_n}\) and the identity), \(J\neq H^\infty(\mathbb{B}_f)\) and \(\psi(T),\psi\in J\) are constructed via the \(\mathbb{F}_n^\infty\)-functional calculus for c.n.c.\ row contractions [the author, Mich. Math. J. 42, No. 2, 345--356 (1995; Zbl 0876.47016)]. An important role in this approach is played by the constrained characteristic function \(\Theta_{f,T,J}\), which is proved to be a complete unitary invariant for \(\mathcal{V}^{\mathrm{cnc}}_{f,J}(\mathcal{H})\). In Section 5, the author develops a dilation theory for \(n\)-tuples \(T\in\mathbb{B}_f(\mathcal{H})\) for which \(q\circ f(T)=0\) for every \(q\) in a set of homogeneous polynomials. Two important results conclude this paper. The first one is a Beurling type theorem characterizing the subspaces which are invariant under the universal \(n\)-tuple \(B=(B_1,\dots,B_n)\) (\(B_i=P_{\mathcal{N}_{f,J}}M_{Z_i}|_{\mathcal{N}_{f,J}},\;i=1,\dots,n\) and \(\mathcal{N}_{f,J}=\mathbb{H}^2(f)\ominus\overline{J\mathbb{H}^2(f)}\)) for the noncommutative variety \(\mathcal{V}^{\mathrm{cnc}}_{f,J}(\mathcal{H})\). The last result we would like to mention here is a commutant lifting theorem for pure \(n\)-tuples of operators in \(\mathcal{V}^{\mathrm{cnc}}_{f,J}(\mathcal{H})\).