Minimality and (weighted) interpolation in Paley-Wiener spaces (Q2453487)

This paper explores the relationship between various notions related to interpolation by functions in the Paley-Wiener space \(PW_\tau^p\) (\(1<p<\infty\)), which consists of the entire functions of exponential type at most \(\tau>0\) such that \[ \|f\|_p=\left(\int_{\mathbb R} |f(t)|^p dt\right)^{1/p} <\infty . \] A sequence \(\Lambda=\{\lambda_n\}_{n\geq 1}\subset \mathbb C\) is called ``minimal'' in \(PW_\tau^p\) if there exists a sequence \((f_n)_n\subset PW_\tau^p\) such that \( f_n(\lambda_k)=1\) if \(k=n\) and 0 if \(k\neq n\). A stronger notion is that of a ``weak interpolation sequence'' (WIS): \(\Lambda\) is a WIS. if there exists a sequence \((f_n)_n\subset PW_\tau^p\) such that \( f_n(\lambda_k)=\|k_{\lambda_n}\|_{PW_\tau^q}\) if \(k=n\) and 0 if \(k\neq n\). Here \(q\) is the conjugate exponent of \(p\) and \[ k_{\lambda_n}(z)=\frac{\sin[\tau(z-\bar\lambda)]}{\tau(z-\bar\lambda)} \] is the reproducing kernel in \(PW_\tau^p\) associated with \(\lambda_n\). In dual terms, \(\Lambda\) is minimal in \(PW_\tau^p\) if and only if the family of reproducing kernels \(\mathcal K(\Lambda)=\{k_{\lambda_n}\}^{}_{n\geq 1}\) is minimal in \(PW_\tau^q\), and it is a WIS if and only if \(\mathcal K(\Lambda)\) is uniformly minimal in \(PW_\tau^q\). Finally \(\Lambda\) is an ``interpolation sequence'' for \(PW_\tau^p\) if for every sequence of values \(a=(a_n)\in l^p\) there exists \(f\in PW_\tau^p\) such that \(f(\lambda_n)=a_n \|k_{\lambda_n}\|_{PW_\tau^q}\) for all \(n\geq 1\). If, moreover, such \(f\) is unique then \(\Lambda\) is called ``complete''. For \(a\in\mathbb R\) consider the upper and lower half-planes \[ \mathbb C_a^{\pm}=\{z\in\mathbb C : \Im (z)\gtrless a\}\;. \] The author showed in his thesis that if \(\Lambda\) is a WIS then for every \(a\in\mathbb R\) the sequences \(\Lambda\cap \mathbb C_a^{\pm}\) satisfy the Carleson condition: \[ \inf_{n\geq 1} \prod_{k\neq n}\left|\frac{\lambda_n-\lambda_k}{\lambda_n-\bar\lambda_k-2ia}\right|>0\;.\tag{1} \] It is well known that for the Hardy spaces in the half-plane \(H^p(\mathbb C^+)\) (here \(a=0\)) weak interpolation sequences coincide with interpolation sequences, and that these are characterized by the Carleson condition [\textit{H. S. Shapiro} and \textit{A. L. Shields}, Am. J. Math. 83, 513--532 (1961; Zbl 0112.29701)]. The main result of the paper is the following. Theorem 1.1. Let \(\tau>0\), \(1<p<\infty\), and \(\Lambda\) be a minimal sequence in \(PW_\tau^p\) such that for every \(a\in\mathbb R\) the sequence \(\Lambda\cap \mathbb C_a^{\pm}\) satisfies (1). Then, for every \(\epsilon>0\), \(\Lambda\) is an interpolating sequence for \(PW_{\tau+\epsilon}^p\). The main point here is that no uniform minimality is required. A consequence of this result is that a weak interpolation sequence for \(PW_\tau^p\) is automatically an interpolation sequence for \(PW_{\tau+\epsilon}^p\) (but not for \(PW_\tau^p\), as shown by an example). Another consequence is that the upper density of weak interpolation sequences \(\Lambda\) contained in a horizontal band is bounded by \(\tau/\pi\): \[ D_{\Lambda}^+=\lim_{r\to 1}\frac{\sup\limits_{x\in\mathbb R}\# (\Re(\Lambda)\cap[x,x+r])}r\leq \frac{\tau}{\pi}\;. \] This is the same upper bound given by \textit{K. Seip} [J. Funct. Anal. 130, No. 1, 131--160 (1995; Zbl 0872.46006)] for interpolation sequences contained in a horizontal band. A final section is devoted to similar results on weighted interpolation in both the Paley-Wiener and the Hardy spaces.