Uniform minimality, unconditionality and interpolation in backward shift invariant subspaces (Q624774)

A famous result by Carleson states that a sequence of points \(S = \{a_k\}\) in the unit disk \(\mathbb D = \{z\in\mathbb C : |z| < 1\}\) is an interpolating sequence for the space \(H^\infty\) of bounded analytic functions on \(\mathbb D\), meaning that every bounded sequence indexed by \(S\) can be interpolated by a function \(f \in H^\infty\) on \(S\), i.e., \(H^\infty |S\supset l^\infty\), if and only if the sequence \(S\) satisfies the Carleson condition: \[ \inf_{a\in S} |B_a(a)| =\delta > 0,\tag{1} \] where \(B_a =\prod_{u\neq a}b_u\) is the Blaschke product vanishing exactly on \(S \setminus \{a\}\), and \[ b_a(z) =\frac{|a|}{a}\frac{a-z}{1-{\overline a}z}. \] We write \(S\in (C)\) for short when \(S\) satisfies (1). Obviously, in this situation we also have the embedding \(H^\infty| S\subset l^\infty\), so that \(S\in (C)\) is equivalent to \(H^\infty |S= l^\infty\). Subsequently it was shown by Shapiro and Shields that, for \(p\in [1,\infty)\), a similar result holds: \[ H^p|S\supset l^p( 1 - |a|^2) =\left\{(v_a)_{a\in S} :\sum_{a\in S}(1 -|a|^2)|v_a|^p <\infty\right\} \] if and only if \(S\in (C)\). Here \(H^p\) is the Hardy space of holomorphic functions \(f\) on \(\mathbb D\). Again, it turns out that we also have \(H^p|S\subset l^2(1 - |a|^2)\), so that \(S\subset (C)\) is equivalent to \(H^p|S = l^p(1 -|a|^2)\). Considering reproducing kernels \(k_a(z) = (1 - \overline az)^{-1}\), the interpolation condition and the Carleson condition can be restated in terms of geometric properties of the sequence \((k_a)_{a\in S}\). More precisely, letting \(p'\) be the conjugate exponent of \(p\), the Carleson condition is equivalent to \((k_a/\| k_a\|_{p'})_{a\in S}\) being uniformly minimal in \(H^{p'}\), and the condition \(H^p|S = l^p(1 -|a|^2)|\), which is a priori stronger than the sole interpolation condition, is equivalent to \((k_a/\| k_a\|_{p'})_{a\in S}\) being an unconditional sequence in \(H^{p'}\). More recently, in [Stud. Math. 186, No. 3, 251--265 (2008; Zbl 1206.42022)], the first named author has given a method which allows to deduce interpolation from uniform minimality, when the size of the space is increased by lowering the power of integration. This result requires that the underlying space is the \(L^2\)-closure of a uniform algebra, and applies, in particular, to Hardy spaces on the ball. In the present paper, the authors use some of the methods discussed in the above-mentioned work and based on Khinchin inequalities, and show that uniform minimality implies interpolation in a bigger space for certain backward shift invariant subspaces \(K_I^p\). Here bigger means lowering \(p\) and/or ``increasing'' \(I\) (replacing \(I\) by \(IE\) where \(E\) is another inner function). Note that the reproducing kernel in \(K_I^p\) is given by \[ k^I_a(z)=\frac{1-\overline{I(a)}I(a)}{1-\overline a z},\quad z\in \mathbb D,\quad \text{for}\quad a\in\mathbb D. \] Let \(S\) be a sequence in \(\mathbb D\), \(I\) an inner function and \(1\leqslant q<\infty\). For \(a\in S\), we denote by \(k_{q,a}^IE=k^I_a/\| k^I_a\|_q\) the normalized reproducing kernel in \(K_I^q\). The main result of the paper is the following theorem. {Theorem.} Let \(1<p\leqslant 2\), \(1\leqslant s<p\), and let \(q\) such that \(\frac{1}{s}=\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}\). Suppose that \(I\) and \(E\) are inner functions, and set \(J=IE\). If \(S\) is dual bounded in \(K_I^p\), \[ \frac{\| k_a^J\|_{s'}}{\| k_a^I\|_{p'}k_{q,a}^E(a)}\simeq1, \] and \(S\) is weakly \(q\)-Carleson in \(K_E^q\), then \(S\) is \(K_J^s\)-interpolating and there exists a bounded linear interpolation operator. {Corollary.} Let \(1<p\leqslant 2\). Let \(I\) be a singular inner function and \(S\subset\mathbb D\), and suppose that \(\sup_{a\in S}|I(a)|<1\). If \[ \bigg(\frac{k^I_a}{\| k_a^I\|_{p'}}\bigg)_{a\in S} \] is uniformly minimal in \(K_I^{p'}\), where \(\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{p'}=1\), then (i) for every \(\varepsilon >0\) and for every \(1\leqslant s<p\), \(S\) is an interpolating sequence in \(K_{I^{1+\varepsilon}}^s\); (ii) for every \(\varepsilon >0\) and for every \(1< s<p\), \[ \bigg(\frac{k^{I^{1+\varepsilon}}_a}{\| k^{I^{1+\varepsilon}}_a\|_{s'}}\bigg)_{a\in S} \] is an unconditional sequence in \(K_{I^{1+\varepsilon}}^{s'}\). In the last situation, the space is increased in the direction of the inner function and decreased by increasing the power of integration (\(s'>p'\)) to deduce unconditionality from uniform minimality.