Prescribing singularities of maximal surfaces via a singular Björling representation formula (Q2469956)

Space-like maximal surfaces in Lorentz-Minkowski 3-space \(L^3\) are studied. The authors discuss verious kinds of singularities, which may arise in such surfaces. The main result is the following singular Björling representation formula [cf. \textit{L. J. Alias, Rosa M. B. Chaves} and \textit{P. Mira}, Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 134, No. 2, 289--316 (2003; Zbl 1027.53063), \textit{A. C. Asperti} and \textit{J. A. M. Vilhena}, J. Geom. Phys. 56, No. 2, 196--213 (2006; Zbl 1088.53038)]. Theorem. Given a real analytic null curve \(\gamma=(\gamma_1,\gamma_2,\gamma_3): I\to L^3\) and a real analytic null vector field \(V=(V_1,V_2,V_0): I\to L^3\) such that \(\dot{\gamma}(u)\) and \(V(u)\) are collinear for all \(u\in I\) and at least one of \(\dot{\gamma}\) and \(V\) is not identically \(0\), define \[ g(u)= \begin{cases} (\dot{\gamma_1}(u)+i\dot{\gamma_2}(u))/\dot{\gamma_0}(u), &\text{if }\dot{\gamma}(u)\neq=0,\\ (V_1(u)+iV_2(u))/V_0(u), &\text{if }\dot{\gamma}(u)=0. \end{cases} \] If the analytic extension \(g(z)\) of \(g(u)\), where \(z=u+iv\in \Omega\subset C\), \(I\subset \Omega\), satisfies \(| g(z)| \not\equiv 1\), then there is a unique generalized maximal surface \(X:\Omega\to L^3\) with \(z\) as a conformal parameter and \(X(u,0)=\gamma(u)\), \(\partial_v X(u,0)=V(u)\). It is given by \(X(u+iv)= \gamma(u_0)+ \Re\int_{u_0}^z (\dot{\gamma_0}(w)- iV(w))\,dw\), where \(u_0\in I\) is fixed. Numerous examples are discussed.