Coupled Painlevé II systems in dimension four and the systems of type \(A^{(1)}_4\) (Q2474741)

The author studies a 2-parameter family of fourth order algebraic ordinary differential equations which can be viewed as coupled Painlevé II systems in dimension 4. The system is obtained by the degeneration from a 4-parameter family of fourth order coupled Painlevé IV systems of type \(A^{(1)}_4\) in dimension 4 introduced by Noumi and Yamada. The differential system is equivalent to a Hamiltonian system with the Hamiltonian given by \[ H=y^2/2-(x^2+t/2)y-\alpha_1 x+w^2/2-(z^2+t/2)w-\alpha_2z+yw, \] which can be written as a combination of Hamiltonians for the second Painlevé equation \[ H=H_{II}(x,y,t;\alpha_1)+H_{II}(z,w,t;\alpha_2)+yw, \] where \(x,\;y,\;z\) and \(w\) are complex-valued functions of the independent complex variable \(t\) and \(\alpha_1,\;\alpha_2\) are arbitrary complex parameters. The system is invariant under transformations which define a representation of the affine Weyl group of type \(C_2^{(1)}\). This system is compared by using the local index with another type of coupled Painlevé II system in dimension 4 derived as reduction of the Drinfeld-Sokolov hierarchy of type \(C_2^{(1)}\). The phase space for the system is studied by resolving the accessible singularities of the system and it is shown that it is obtained by gluing 10 copies of \(\mathbb{C}^4\times \mathbb{C}\) by means of (explicit) symplectic transformations. For each coordinate system, the Hamiltonian is given explicitly and it is a polynomial in local coordinates.