Moduli stacks and invariants of semistable objects on \(K3\) surfaces (Q2480305)

Let \(X\) be a \(K3\) surface and \(D(X)\) its bounded derived category. In this paper, the author considers stability conditions on \(D(X)\) and shows that the moduli stack of semistable objects in \(D(X)\) with fixed numerical class and phase is represented by an Artin stack of finite type over \(\mathbb C\). Moreover, he introduces some invariants counting semistable objects in \(D(X)\) and shows that they are independent on the choice of a stability condition. This work is motivated by conjecture 6.25 in \textit{D. Joyce} [Adv. Math. 217, 125--204 (2008; Zbl 1134.14008)]. In general, if we let \(X\) be a smooth complex projective variety, stability conditions on \(D(X)\) were introduced in \textit{T. Bridgeland} [Ann. Math. (2) 166, No. 2, 317--345 (2007; Zbl 1137.18008)]. In the same paper, it was shown that the set \({\text{Stab}}(X)\) of such stability conditions is a complex manifold. In particular let us consider \(X\) a \(K3\) surface or an abelian surface. We know in this case a distinguished connected component \({\text{Stab}}^*(X)\) of \({\text{Stab}}(X)\). Let \(\alpha\) be a class in the numerical Grothendieck group \(N(X)\) and \(\Lambda\) a \(\mathbb Q\)-algebra. It is conjectured by D. Joyce that, for \(\sigma\) in \({\text{Stab}}^* (X)\), there is \(J^{\alpha}(\sigma)\) in \(\Lambda\), a certain weighted counting of \(\sigma\)-semistable objects of numerical type \(\alpha\) which does not depend on the choice of \(\sigma\) and which corresponds to Joyce's invariant in the case \(\alpha\) lies in the image of \({\text{Coh}}(X)\) in the numerical Grothendieck group. The main result in the paper is that this conjecture is true. In order to prove it, the author develops the moduli theory of semistable objects in the sense of Bridgeland. If we fix a numerical class \(\alpha\), a real parameter \(\phi\) and a stability condition \(\sigma\) and we let \(M^{(\alpha, \phi)}(\sigma)\) be the moduli stack of \(\sigma\)-semistable objects of phase \(\phi\) and numerical type \(\alpha\), the author gives a criterion for \(M^{(\alpha, \phi)}(\sigma)\) to be an Artin stack of finite type over \(\mathbb C\). Such a criterion is satisfied if \(X\) is a \(K3\) or an abelian surface and \(\sigma\) is in \({\text{Stab}}^*(X)\). Then he can introduce the invariant \(J\) and prove the conjecture.