On solutions of a common generalization of the Gołąb-Schinzel equation and of the addition formulae (Q2480354)

As one of her main results, the author offers the following. For the solutions \(f,M: \mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}\), \(\circ: \mathbb{R}^2\to\mathbb{R}\) of the functional equation \[ f(x+M[f(x)]y)=f(x)\circ f(y),\tag{\(*\)} \] let the following assumptions hold: \(\circ\) is commutative and associative, \(M(f(\mathbb{R}))\subset\{0,1\}\), \(M^{-1}(\{0\})=\{0\},\) \(f\) is Lebesgue measurable, and there exists no \(E\subset\mathbb{R}\) of measure zero such that \(f\) is constant on \(\mathbb{R}\setminus E.\) Then \(M(f(\mathbb{R}))=\{1\}\) and either \(s\circ t=f(f^{-1}(s)+f^{-1}(t))\) or there exist \(k>0,\) \(n\in\mathbb{N}\) such that \(s\circ t=f(h^{-1}(s)+h^{-1}(t)),\) where \(h(x):=f(x+kn)\) \((x\in [0,k[,\;s,t\in f(\mathbb{R})).\) If, in (\(\ast\)), \(M(s)=1\), then we get additivity, if \(M(s)=s\), then the Gołąb-Schinzel equation [\textit{S. Gołąb} and \textit{A. Schinzel}, Publ. Math., Debrecen 6, 113--125 (1959; Zbl 0083.35004)].