Codimension two bifurcations of nonlinear systems driven by fuzzy noise (Q2492253)

When noise acts on nonlinear dynamical systems depending on parameters, new bifurcations can appear which are not present in the systems free of noise. In this paper, the case of a Duffing-Van der Pol oscillator \[ \ddot{x} = \mu_{1}x + (\mu_{2} - x^{2})\dot{x} - x^{3} \] perturbed by a fuzzy noise is investigated. The authors detect the presence of codimension-two bifurcations on the fuzzy attractors produced by the perturbation which do not appear in the deterministic case. It arises for two sets of parameters: \((\mu_{1}, \mu_{2}) = (1, -1)\) and \((\mu_{1}, \mu_{2}) = (0.64, 0.1)\), when the deterministic equation has two stable fixed-points at \((\pm\sqrt{\mu_{1}}, 0)\) and an unstable saddle at the origin \((0, 0)\) for \(\mu_{1} > 0\). A crucial point to detect such bifurcations is the introduction of a method of numerical analysis called fuzzy generalized cell mapping method. This is a useful tool for the analysis, and currently is the unique method which is effective in searching bifurcations in the presence of fuzzy noise. When the fuzzy noise intensity is varied, two symmetrically related fuzzy attractors collide simultaneously with a fuzzy saddle on the basin boundary of the fixed-points and as a consequence, a merging explosion is observed. A codimension-two bifurcation is determined by increasing a small symmetric breaking parameter \(C\) and considering simultaneously both fuzzy noise intensity and such parameter as control parameters, that is, \[ \begin{aligned} \dot x_1&\in [x_2]^{\alpha},\\ \dot x_2 &\in [x_{1} - x_{2} - x_{1}^{3} - x_{1}^{2}x_{2} + sx_{1} + C]^{\alpha}, \end{aligned} \] where \(s \in [S]^{\alpha}\) and \(S\) is a fuzzy parameter and the corresponding fuzzy function is taken of triangular form. The authors give applications of the method for additive and multiplicative type of fuzzy noises. There are vertices in the plane of parameters corresponding to codimension-two bifurcations. The dynamics at them is very complicated.