Characterization of the closedness of the sum of two shift-invariant spaces (Q2492982)

The authors develop a formula for the supremum cosine angle between the subspaces \(U\) and \(V\), i.e., the supremum of \(\langle u,v\rangle/\| u\| \| v\| \) when \(u\in U\) and \(v\in V\), in terms of the preframe operators of frames in \(U\) and \(V\). The need for formulas of this kind arises because the sum \(U+V\) is closed if and only if the supremum cosine angle is less than \(1\). This formula is further developed in the case where the spaces are shift-invariant subspaces of \(L^2(\mathbb R^d)\) and then the conditions are stated with the aid of sequences \((\widehat\varphi(x+k))_{k\in \mathbb Z}\) where \(\varphi\) is a generator of the shift-invariant space, which need not be finitely generated.