The infimum cosine angle between two finitely generated shift-invariant spaces and its applica\-tions (Q2568219)

Let \(U\) and \(V\) denote subspaces of a Hilbert space \(H\). The infimum cosine angle \(R(U,V)\) is defined by \[ R(U,V)=\inf_{u\in U\setminus \{0\}}\frac{| | P_Vu| | }{| | u| | }, \] where \(P_V\) denotes the orthogonal projection of \(H\) onto \(V\). In the case where \(U\) and \(V\) are finite-dimensional, an explicit formula for \(R(U,V)\) is derived in terms of the Gramians associated to the subspaces. Via the fiberization technique by Ron and Shen, this leads to results on finitely generated shift-invariant spaces: if \(U\) and \(V\) are finitely generated shift-invariant spaces, equivalent conditions for \(R(U,V)=R(V,U)\) are derived. Further, equivalent conditions for \(L^2(R^d)\) being the direct sum of \(U\) and \(V^\perp\) are obtained. A method for constructing a tight frame associated to the generators of a shift-invariant system is presented.