Equation of state for the universe from similarity symmetries (Q2494064)

It is well known how dimension analysis (existence of scaling symmetries) restricts possible form of laws of physics. Application of this idea in general relativity requires extension of the class of scalings in correspondence with coordinate transformations allowed. In the introductory (mathematical) part of this work the authors attempt to shape universe's equation of state from the assumption that cosmological Friedmann equations have at least one symmetry of quasi-similarity type (a slight generalization of scaling symmetry), and combining the result with constraints coming from the energy-momentum conservation \(T^{ab}_{;b} = 0\). In the rest of this essentially physics paper, the authors decide which model is preferred by observational data. Considering the fact that arbitrary choices were made (formula (28)), the reviewer has difficulties to see in which sense ``symmetries give rise to the equation of state and energy density,'' as written in the abstract. Moreover, the result of symmetry analysis is incomplete. The space of solutions of eq. (21) is actually four-dimensional, given by \(\xi(t) = B_1 t + B_0\), \(\eta^1(a) = A_1 a + A_2 a \ln a\), \(\eta^2(E) = (A_2 - B_1) E\), with \(A_1,A_2,B_1,B_0\) being arbitrary constants.