Eigenvalues of self-similar solutions of the Dafermos regularization of a system of conservation laws via geometric singular perturbation theory (Q2494258)

Let \(f:\mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R}^n\) and consider a solution \(u_0(x)\) of \[ (Df(u)-xI)u'=0, \] which has \(n\) jumps, the Lax shock waves. In a first part of the paper, the author recalls assumptions to obtain a solution \(u_{\varepsilon}(x)\) of the associated Riemann-Dafermos regularization \[ \varepsilon u''=(Df(u)-xI)u', \] with \(u_{\varepsilon}(x)\) near \(u_0(x)\). This is obtained as intersection of stable and unstable manifolds that meet transversally. Next, eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the linearized problem \[ \varepsilon \varphi''-(Df(u)-xI)\varphi'-D^2f(u)u'\varphi=\lambda\varphi, \quad \varphi(-\infty)=0,\;\varphi(+\infty)=0, \tag{1} \] are investigated. First fast eigenvalues are considered. If \(\rho\) is a simple zero of an appropriate function, the Evans function, conditions are given so that there is an eigenvalue of (1) of the form \(\rho/\varepsilon+O(1)\). On the other hand, if \(\rho\) is a not such a zero there is no eigenvalue of that form. The heart of the paper concerns slow eigenvalues. Assumptions are given on \(\overline\lambda\neq 1\) so that (1) has an eigenvalue of the form \(\overline\lambda+O(\varepsilon)\). The proof is very geometrical in nature using stable and unstable manifolds. It follows from a nontrivial extension of an exchange lemma to a degenerate situation involving a skew-product flow on a vector bundle. In particular, these results give conditions so that for both fast and slow eigenvalues other that \(-1\), if the conditions to start an expansion hold, then there are true eigenvalues nearby. A reciprocal result holds for fast eigenvalues which are such that if such an expansion \(\rho/\varepsilon+O(1)\) cannot be computed, there is no eigenvalue of this form.