Estimation optimale du gradient du semi-groupe de la chaleur sur le groupe de Heisenberg (Q2497925)

Let \( \Delta=X_1^ 2+X_2^ 2 \) be the sublaplacian on the three dimensional Heisenberg group \( \mathbb H\), where \( X_1 \) and \( X_2 \) are the partial differential operators on \(\mathbb R^ 3\) defined by \( X_1=\frac{\partial }{\partial x_1}+2x_2 \frac{\partial}{\partial t}\) and \( X_2=\frac{\partial }{\partial x_2}-2x_1 \frac{\partial}{\partial t}\). Denote by \( \nabla=(X_1,X_2) \) the gradient operator and by \( e^ {t\Delta}( t>0) \) the heat semigroup on \(\mathbb H\). For \( 1<w<\infty \) it has been shown by \textit{B. K. Driver} and \textit{T. Melcher} [J. Funct. Anal. 221, 340--365 (2005; Zbl 1071.22005)], that \(|\nabla e^ {t\Delta}f|(g)\leq C_w [e^{t\Delta}(| \nabla f|^ w )(g)]^ {1/w}\) for all \( g\in \mathbb H \), \(t>0\) and \( f\in C_0^ \infty(\mathbb H) \) for some constant \( C_w>1,\) and the case \( w=1 \) could not be treated by their methods. The author solves this problem and he shows that there exists a constant \( C>0 \), such that \(|\nabla e^ {t\Delta}f|(g)\leq C e ^ {t\Delta}(| \nabla f| )(g)\) for all \( g\in \mathbb H \), \(t>0\) and \( f\in C_0^ \infty(\mathbb H) \). The (difficult) proof of this result uses the Poincaré inequality [see for instance \textit{P. Maheux} and \textit{L. Saloff-Coste}, Math. Ann. 303, No.~4, 713--740 (1995; Zbl 0836.35106)], the explicit expression of the Carnot-Carathéodory distance and the geodesics [see \textit{R. Beals, B. Gaveau} and \textit{P. C. Griener}, J. Math. Pures Appl. (9) 79, 633--689 (2000; Zbl 0959.35035)] and an optimal estimation of the heat kernel and its gradient [see \textit{H. Hueber} and \textit{D. Mueller}, Math. Ann. 283, 97--119 (1989; Zbl 0639.31005)].