Modeling cell-to-cell spread of HIV-1 with logistic target cell growth (Q2515142)

This paper considers a model of HIV-1 infection that includes both diffusion-limited cell-free virus transmission and cell-to-cell transfer. The model is a system of equations of the form \[ \begin{align*}{ {d T(t}) \over {dt} &= r T(t) \left(1 - {T(t) + \alpha T^*(t)} \over {T_M}\right) - \beta_1 T(t) V(t) - \beta_2 T(t) T^*(t),\cr {d T^*(t)} \over {dt} &= \beta_1 T(t) V(t) + \beta_2 T(t) T^*(t) - d_{T^*} T^*(t),\cr {d V(t)} \over {dt} &= \gamma T^*(t) - d_V V(t). }\end{align*} \] The authors obtain the reproduction number of the system, which is given by \[ {\mathcal R}_0 = {\mathcal R}_{01} + {\mathcal R}_{02},\quad {\mathcal R}_{01} = {{\beta_1 \gamma T_M} \over {d_{T^*} d_V}},\quad {\mathcal R}_{02} = {{\beta_2 T_M} \over {d_{T^*}}}. \] Here, \({\mathcal R}_{01}\) is determined by cell-free virus infection, while \({\mathcal R}_{02}\) is determined by cell-to-cell infection. Assuming logistic growth for target cells, the authors show that if the basic reproduction number is larger than one, then the infection can persist and the Hopf bifurcation can occur from the positive equilibrium within certain parameter ranges.