Horseshoes for \(\mathcal{C}^{1+\alpha}\) mappings with hyperbolic measures (Q255471)

The author gives a construction of horseshoes for any \(C^{1+\alpha}\) mapping \(f:M\to M\) (not necessarily invertible) with respect to hyperbolic ergodic invariant measures. She also obtains a lower bound on the exponential growth rate of the number of periodic points in terms of the measure-theoretic entropy of hyperbolic measures. This work generalizes several results of \textit{A. Katok} in the seminal paper [Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 51, 137--173 (1980; Zbl 0445.58015)], where \(f\) was assumed to be a diffeomorphism on \(M\).