On the group algebra decomposition of a Jacobian variety (Q259763)

Let \(X\) be a Riemann surface of genus \(g \geq 2\), and \(G\) a finite group acting on \(X\). This action induces a homomorphism \(\rho : \mathbb{Q}[G] \rightarrow \mathrm{End}_{\mathbb{Q}}(JX)\) from the rational group algebra \(\mathbb{Q}[G]\) into the rational endomorphism algebra of \(JX\), the Jacobian variety of \(X\). Then, the factorization of \(\mathbb{Q}[G]\) as a product of simple algebras provides a decomposition of \(JX\) into abelian subvarieties. The paper under review is devoted to build such a decomposition of \(JX\). This is made in Section 4, by a method which allows to study the geometry of the decomposition, and in particular to determine the kernel of the decomposition, and to choose the subvarieties, in such a way that the kernel has the smallest possible order. Then, these results are applied to trigonal surfaces. A trigonal surface is a Riemann surface \(X\) on which the group \(C_3\) acts, and such that \(X/C_3\) has genus \(0\). In Section 5 the Jacobians of families of trigonal surfaces of genus \(g < 10\) are obtained. Firstly, the automorphism groups of those surfaces are listed, for each of the genera \(2\), \(3\), \(4\) and \(6\). In the case of genus \(3\), the automorphism group is [48, 33], described as \(\mathrm{SL}(2,3)/CD\), what is a bit confusing. Really it is the group of order \(48\) containing \(\mathrm{SL}(2,3)\) and different from \(\mathrm{GL}(2,3)\). Once this is made, for each trigonal surface \(X\) (of genus \(g < 10\)), a geometrical description of its Jacobian variety \(JX\) is obtained. Since Riemann surfaces are equivalent to complex curves, this section is written in the language of curves, and the equations of the respective curves are also given.