On reducible degeneration of hyperelliptic curves and soliton solutions (Q2633022)

The aim of this paper is to consider a reducible degeneration of a hyperelliptic curve of genus $g$. Using the Sato Grassmannian the author shows that the limits of hyperelliptic solutions of the Kadomtzev-Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy exist and become soliton solutions of various types. He recovers some results of \textit{S. Abenda} [J. Geom. Phys. 119, 112--138 (2017; Zbl 1369.37075)], who studied regular soliton solutions corresponding to a reducible rational curve obtained as a degeneration of a hyperelliptic curve. He studies singular soliton solutions as well and clarifies how the singularity structure of solutions is reflected in the matrices which determine soliton solutions. \par This paper is organized as follows. Section 1 is an introduction to the subject. In Section 2 the author reviews the correspondence between solutions ($\tau$-functions) of the KP-hierarchy and points of the Sato Grassmannian. He gives $(n, k)$ solitons and the corresponding points of the Sato Grassmannian in Section 3. In Section 4 he reviews how the data of algebraic curves are embedded in the Sato Grassmannian. In order to embed the data of a hyperelliptic curve $X$ to the Sato Grassmannian the author needs an explicit description of meromorphic functions on $X$ with a pole only at $\infty_+$. It is given in Section 5. He also computes the gap sequence at $\infty_+$ of the holomorphic line bundle of degree $0$ corresponding to the divisor $D_g - g\infty_+$ where $D_g$ is a general divisor. The top term of the Schur function expansion of the solution is determined by using it. In Section 6 he recalls the description of the tau function corresponding to $D_g$ in terms of Riemann's theta function. The limit of the frame of the Sato Grassmannian corresponding to $D_g$ is determined in Section 7. The author shows that it is gauge equivalent to the frame of an $(n, k+1)$ soliton. Finally he gives the explicit formula of the limits of the tau function and the adjoint wave function (dual Baker-Akhiezer function) in Section 8.