Eigenvalue inequalities for the buckling problem of the drifting Laplacian on Ricci solitons (Q2634194)

The authors study a universal inequality (UI) for the following eigenvalue problem \[ (*):\;\mathbb L_\psi^2u=-\Lambda\mathbb L_\psi u\text{ in }\Omega\text{ and }u=\frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu}=0\text{ on the boundary of }\Omega, \] \(\mathbb L_\psi:=\Delta-\langle\nabla\psi,\nabla(\cdot)\rangle\), \(\Omega\) is a bounded domain in \(((M,g), e^{-\psi}d\mu_g)\), a smooth metric measure space, i.e., a complete Riemannian manifold \((M,g)\) endowed with an absolute continuous measure where \(\psi\) is a smooth real valued function on \((M,g)\) and \(d\mu_g\) is the standard Riemann volume form. Precisely, the authors state a UI for \((*)\) when \(((M,g),e^{-\psi}d\mu_g)\) is a Ricci soliton, i.e., the Ricci curvature (\(Ric\)) of \(M\) plus the Hessian (\(\mathrm{Hess}\)) of \(\psi\) is proportional to \(g\), that is, \(\mathrm{Ric}+\mathrm{Hess}\psi=\rho g\), such that \(\nabla^2\varphi=0\) and \(\mathbb L_\psi\varphi=-\rho\varphi\) for \(\varphi\in C^3(\Omega)\) (Theorem 3.1). Also the authors provide a UI for \((*)\) when \(\Omega\subset\mathbb R^n\) such that \(\psi(x)=\frac{|x|^2}{2}\) and \(\rho=\frac{1}{2}.\) (Theorem 4.1). The case when \(\Omega\) is a bounded in a Ricci soliton times an Einstein manifold is also treated (Theorem 4.4). The proofs are based on several technical computations.