Piecewise smooth dynamical systems: persistence of periodic solutions and normal forms (Q2634216)

Consider the following perturbed system \[ Z(x, \mathbf{y},z,\varepsilon):=\begin{cases} X_{0}^{+} (x,\mathbf{y},z)+\varepsilon X_{1}^{+} (x,\mathbf{y}, z) \text{ for} & z>0,\\ X_{0}^{-}(x, \mathbf{y},z) + \varepsilon X_{1}^{-} (x,\mathbf{y},z)\text{ for} & z<0, \end{cases} \] where \(x\) and \(z\) are real scalars, \(\mathbf{y}\) is a real vector of dimension \(n-2\). The hyperplane of discontinuity is \( z=0\). The main hypothesis is that the hyperplane \(\Omega =\{x=0\}\) has a periodic annulus \[ A= \{ (\mathbf{y},z) \in \Omega: r_{0} \leq |(\mathbf{y},z)| \leq r_{1} \} \] surrounding the origin and fulfilled by crossing periodic solutions of the unperturbed system (\( \varepsilon =0\)). The interest is the persistence of periodic solutions contained in \(\Omega\). The authors introduce a Melnikov-like function to control the persistence of periodic solutions for small discontinuous perturbations. When \(n=3\), the authors provide normal forms for the piecewise linear case and apply the Melnikov-like function to study discontinuous perturbations of these normal forms.