Quasi-Einstein manifolds endowed with a parallel vector field (Q2634827)

A complete Riemannian manifold \((M,g)\) is called a \textit{quasi-Einstein manifold}, if there exists a smooth vector field \(X\) on \(M\) that satisfies the equation \[ \mathrm{Ric}+\frac{1}{2}\mathcal{L}_X g-\frac{1}{m}X^\flat\otimes X^\flat =\lambda g \] with constants \(0<m\leq \infty\) and \(\lambda\in \mathbb R\), where \(\mathcal{L}_X\) denotes the Lie derivative with respect to \(X\), \(X^\flat\) the canonical 1-form associated to \(X\), and \(\mathrm{Ric}\) the Ricci tensor of \(M\). When \(X\) is the gradient of a smooth function on \(M\), this structure of \(M\) is called \textit{gradient}. Moreover, it is called \textit{expanding, steady}, or \textit{shrinking}, if \(\lambda<0\), \(\lambda=0\), or \(\lambda>0\), respectively. Mainly, the author investigates non-steady gradient quasi-Einstein manifolds endowed with a parallel vector field. In his theorems he shows that \[ \mathrm{Ric} =\lambda (g-K^\flat\otimes K^\flat), \] where \(K\) is a unit vector field in the direction of the parallel vector field, and that the structure is expanding and the manifold non-compact with constant scalar curvature. If the parallel vector field is the gradient of a function, then the manifold is isometric to a direct product \(N\times \mathbb R\), where \(N\) is a so-called \(\lambda\)-Einstein manifold. Furthermore, regarding different non-steady gradient quasi-Einstein structures on the same \((M,g)\), the constant \(\lambda\) is unique. Finally, he shows that such a manifold is conformally equivalent to a warped product \(I\times_\varphi N\), where \(I\subset \mathbb R\) is an open interval and \(\varphi\) a positive function on \(I\).