Oscillation of second order nonlinear delay damped difference equations (Q2641535)

The authors study the second-order nonlinear delay difference equation with damping term \[ \Delta^2 x_n+p_n\Delta x_n+F(n,x_{n-\tau},\Delta x_{n-\sigma})=0,\quad n=0,1,2,\ldots,\tag{1} \] where \((p_n)_n\) is a nonnegative real sequence, \(F:\mathbb N\times \mathbb R^2\to \mathbb R\) is continuous for each \(n\), \(\,\tau,\,\sigma\in \mathbb N\) and \(\Delta\) denote the forward difference operator \(\Delta x_n=x_{n+1}-x_n\). Under some assumptions on \(F\) and \((p_n)_n\), some oscillation criteria for the above equation are proved, which generalize the results of \textit{S. R. Grace} and \textit{H. A. El-Morshedy} [Math. Bohemica 125, 421--430 (2000; Zbl 0969.39005)]. Two particular cases of the equation (1), namely \[ \begin{aligned} \Delta^2x_n+p_n\Delta x_n+q_n x_{n-\sigma}=0, &\quad n=0,1,2,\dots,\\ \Delta^2x_n+p_n\Delta x_n+q_n g(x_{n-\sigma})=e_n, &\quad n=0,1,2,\dots,\end{aligned} \] where \((e_n)_n\) is a sequence of real numbers, \(xg(x)>0\) for \(x\not=0\) and \(g'(x)\geq \eta>0\), are also investigated.