Universal series by trigonometric system in weighted \(L_{\mu }^{1}\) spaces (Q2644158)

A series is universal in \(X\) in the usual sense if for any \(f \in X\), there is an increasing sequence \(n_k\) of indices such that the sequence of partial sums \[ \|\sum_{j = 1}^{n_k} f_j - f\|_X \to 0,\quad k \to \infty. \] A series is universal in \(X\) in the sense of rearrangements if the series can be rearranged so that \(\sum_{j = 1}^{\infty} f_{\sigma_j} = f.\) A series is universal in \(X\) in the sense of partial series if for any \(f \in X\), there is a partial series so that \(\sum_{j = 1}^{\infty} f_{n_j} = f.\) In both of the latter cases, convergence is to be taken in \(X\). The genesis of such results is the result of Riemann for numerical non-absolutely convergent series. Menshov and Kozlov constructed universal trigonometric series in the usual sense for convergence almost everywhere to a measurable function on \([0, 2 \pi]\), and observed that the convergence could not be taken in \(L^1[0, 2 \pi]\). The result was extended by Talaljan to arbitrary orthonormal complete systems, and he also gave a result on series universal in the sense of rearrangements for \(f \in L^p[0,1]\). Orlicz observed that there are functional series universal in the sense of rearrangements for almost everywhere convergence on finite almost everywhere measurable functions. The author had earlier considered a weight function \(\mu\) on \([0, 2\pi]\), which satisfies \(0 < \mu(x) \leq 1\) and the weighted space \(L^1_{\mu}[0, 2\pi]\), and proved that for any given sequence \(\{ \lambda_m \}\) increasing to infinity, there is a series \[ \sum_{k = - \infty}^{\infty} C_k e^{ikx},\quad C_k = \overline{C_k} \] with \[ |\sum_{k = 1}^m C_k e^{ikx} | \leq \lambda_m,\quad x \in [0, 2\pi],\;m = 1, 2, \ldots, \] such that for each \(\epsilon>0\) a weighted function \(\mu(x)\), \[ 0 < \mu(x) \leq 1 ,\quad |\{ x \in [0, 2\pi] : \mu(x) \neq 1 \} | < \epsilon, \] can be constructed so that the series is universal in \(L^1_{\mu}[0, 2\pi]\), with respect simultaneously to rearrangements and to partial series. Here, his main result is that there is such a series with \(\sum_{k = -\infty}^{\infty} |C_k|^q < \infty\) such that for any \(\epsilon > 0\), a weighted function \(\mu(x)\), \[ 0 < \mu(x) \leq 1 ,\quad |\{ x \in [0, 2\pi] : \mu(x) \neq 1 \} | < \epsilon, \] can be constructed so that the series is universal in \(L^1_{\mu}[0, 2\pi]\), with respect to rearrangements, and there is also a series under these same conditions (\(\sum_{k = -\infty}^{\infty} |C_k|^q < \infty\)) that is universal in the usual sense.