Twisted conjugacy in fundamental groups of geometric 3-manifolds (Q2661720)

For a group \(G\) and a group automorphism \(\phi\in \text{Aut}(G)\), two elements \(\alpha,\alpha'\in G\) are \(\phi\)-twisted conjugate to each other if there exists \(\sigma\in G\), such that \(\alpha'=\sigma \alpha \phi(\sigma)^{-1}\). A group \(G\) is said to have the \(R_{\infty}\)-property if for any \(\phi\in \text{Aut}(G)\), the number of \(\phi\)-twisted conjugacy classes is always infinity. The \(\phi\)-twisted conjugacy class and the \(R_{\infty}\)-property are closed related to Nielsen fixed-point theory. In this paper, the authors study which geometric 3-manifolds have fundamental group with the \(R_{\infty}\)-property. In particular, the authors prove that all 3-manifolds with the \(S^3\), \(\widetilde{\text{SL}(2,\mathbb{R})}\), \(\mathbb{H}^2\times \mathbb{R}\) or \(\mathbb{H}^3\)-geometry have fundamental group with the \(R_{\infty}\)-property, and they also classify which 3-manifolds with the \(S^2\times S^1\), \(\mathbb{E}^3\), \(\text{Nil}\) or \(\text{Sol}\)-geometry have fundamental group with the \(R_{\infty}\)-property. The result of the \(S^3, \mathbb{H}^3, \mathbb{E}^3, S^2\times \mathbb{R}\) and \(\text{Nil}\)-cases were known previously, but these proofs are scattered in the literature and the authors collect all the information in this paper. The complete proof of the \(\text{Sol}, \mathbb{H}^2\times \mathbb{R}\) and \(\widetilde{\text{SL}(2,\mathbb{R})}\)-cases are given in this paper.