Serre-Lusztig relations for \(\imath\) quantum groups (Q2662852)

Let \(\mathfrak{g}\) be a Kac-Moody algebra with generalized Cartan matrix \((a_{ij})_{1\leq i,j \leq r}\) and generators \(e_i, f_i, h_i\) for \(1\leq i \leq r\). In the universal enveloping algebra \(U(\mathfrak{g})\) hold the higher order Serre relations for \(i \neq j\): \[ \mathrm{ad}_{e_i}^m(e_j^n) = 0 = \mathrm{ad}_{f_i}^m (e_j^n) \quad \mathrm{for}\ m, n \in \mathbb{N}\ \mathrm{and}\ m \geq 1 - na_{ij}. \] Indeed the triple \((e_i, f_i, h_i)\) spans a Lie subalgebra of \(\mathfrak{g}\) isomorphic to \(sl_2\), the adjoint action of which on \(U(\mathfrak{g})\) is integrable. Since \(e_j^n\) is a lowest weight vector of weight \(na_{ij}\), it is annihilated by \(\mathrm{ad}_{e_i}^{1-na_{ij}}\). Notice that the smallest case \(n = 1\) and \(m = 1-a_{ij}\) is the standard Serre relation. Let \(U_q(\mathfrak{g})\) be the Drinfeld-Jimbo quantum group associated to \(\mathfrak{g}\). It is a Hopf algebra over the field \(\mathbb{Q}(q)\) obtained by \(q\)-deforming the Chevalley-Serre presentation of \(U(\mathfrak{g})\). Let \(E_i, F_i, K_i^{\pm 1}\) for \(1\leq i \leq r\) denote the Drinfeld-Jimbo generator of \(U_q(\mathfrak{g})\). In [\textit{G. Lusztig}, Introduction to quantum groups. Reprint of the 1994 ed. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser (2010; Zbl 1246.17018)] Lusztig established higher order Serre relations in the \(\mathbb{Z}[q,q^{-1}]\)-subalgebra of \(U_q(\mathfrak{g})\) generated by the \(q\)-divided powers \(E_i^{(n)} := \frac{E_i^n}{[n]_{q_i}!}\) and \(F_i^{(n)} := \frac{F_i^n}{[n]_{q_i}!}\) for \(1\leq i \leq r\) and \(n \in \mathbb{N}\). Here \(q_i\) is a certain power of \(q\) depending on the Dynkin node \(i\) and \([n]_{q_i}! = \prod_{k=1}^n \frac{q_i^{k}-q_i^{-k}}{q_i - q_i^{-1}} \in \mathbb{Z}[q,q^{-1}]\). The present paper is the first of a series of works on higher order Serre relations for a remarkable family of coideal subalgebras of \(U_q(\mathfrak{g})\). Such a coideal subalgebra \(U_q^{\imath}(\mathfrak{g})\) depends on a Dynkin diagram automorphism \(\tau\) and its \(q=1\) limit is the universal enveloping algebra of fixed point subalgebra \(\mathfrak{g}^{\tau}\) of \(\mathfrak{g}\); see [\textit{G. Letzter} J. Algebra 220, No. 2, 729--767 (1999; Zbl 0956.17007)] and [\textit{S. Kolb} Adv. Math. 267, 395--469 (2014; Zbl 1300.17011)]. It contains distinguished generators \(B_i\) for \(1\leq i \leq r\). The main result of this paper is the higher order Serre relations in \(U_q^{\imath}(\mathfrak{g})\) for a properly chosen pair of Dynkin nodes \((i, j)\). These relations are written in terms of the usual powers of \(B_j\) and, more importantly, the so-called \(\imath\)divided powers of \(B_i\) introduced in [\textit{C. Berman} and \textit{W. Wang}, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 222, No. 9, 2667--2702 (2018; Zbl 1388.17004)].