Essential character amenability of semigroup algebras (Q2663129)

The concept of amenability of locally compact groups was introduced in [\textit{J. von Neumann}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 36, 445--492 (1934; Zbl 0009.34902)]. This concept was extended for semigroups in [\textit{M.~M. Day}, ``Means on semigroups and groups'', Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 55, 1054--1055 (1949), \url{https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1949-55-11/S0002-9904-1949-09310-2/S0002-9904-1949-09310-2.pdf}; Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 69, 276--291 (1950; Zbl 0039.12301)]. Then the concept of amenability of Banach algebras and its link to amenability of groups was introduced and studied in [\textit{B. E. Johnson}, Cohomology in Banach algebras. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (1972; Zbl 0256.18014)]. After that, some other notions of amenabiity of Banach algebras such as \(\phi\)-amenability, for a nonzero character \(\phi\) [\textit{E.~Kaniuth} et al., Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 144, No.~1, 85--96 (2008; Zbl 1145.46027)] and [\textit{E.~Kaniuth} et al., J. Math. Anal. Appl. 344, No.~2, 942--955 (2008; Zbl 1151.46035)], character amenability [\textit{M.~S. Monfared}, Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 144, No.~3, 697--706 (2008; Zbl 1153.46029)], essential and approximate amenability [\textit{F.~Ghahramani} and \textit{R.~J. Loy}, J. Funct. Anal. 208, No.~1, 229--260 (2004; Zbl 1045.46029)], essential \(\phi\)-amenability and essential character amenability [\textit{R.~Nasr-Isfahani} and \textit{M.~Nemati}, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 84, No.~3, 372--386 (2011; Zbl 1239.43001)] were introduced. Also, the character amenability of \(M_a(S)\) for a foundation locally compact topological semigroup is studied in [\textit{A.~Ghaffari}, Acta Math. Hung. 134, No.~1--2, 177--192 (2012; Zbl 1274.22005)]. In this paper, the notion of \(\phi\)-amenability of a topological semigroup \(S\), for a character \(\phi\) on \(S\), is defined routinely and studied. Then, for a foundation semigroup \(S\) with an identity and the character \(\hat{\phi}\) on \(M_a(S)\) which is defined by \(\hat{\phi}(\mu)=\int_S \phi(s) \, d\mu(s)\), \(\mu\in M_a(S)\), the relation between \(\phi\)-amenability of \(S\) and the essential \(\hat{\phi}\)-amenability of the semigroup algebra \(M_a(S)\) is studied, where \(M_a(S)\) is the space of all measures \(\mu\in M(S)\) for which the maps \(x\mapsto |\mu|*\delta_x\) and \(x\mapsto \delta_x*|\mu|\) from \(S\) into \(M(S)\) are weakly continuous. Indeed, it is shown that \(\phi\)-amenability of \(S\) implies the essential \(\hat{\phi}\)-amenability of \(M_a(S)\); however, the converse is not true.